Health Fitness Program :: essays research papers

The current health situation in the state of Mississippi is disastrous. The state of MS has the highest percentage of obesity in the United States. The State Health Fact says that in 2001, 61% of Mississippians were obese compared to 56% for the rest of the U.S. Female obesity in the state was a whopping 54% as compared to the rest if the U.S. at 47%. Likewise, the obesity rate for males was 69% as compared to 65% in the rest of the U.S. These figures are alarming, and the MS State Health Department says it is only getting worse. In 2002, 36% of adults were obese and in 2003, 30% of MS high school students were reported to be obese. That equals 66% obesity for the entire state. With the state of MS in downward spiral for health, people need a lifestyle change. My goal is to start a Corporate Fitness plan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Under the current market situation, the company’s position is the creation and implementation of wellness programs. The basic market need is the reduction of corporate costs and the increase in employee efficiency that can be achieved through long-term wellness programs. The profile for Corporate Fitness’ (CF) customer consists of the following: the immediate geographic target is the state of Mississippi; the demographic makeup is 54% female, 69% male, and 36% of these individuals are adult; the behavioral factors are that the targets recognize the need for physical activity in their lives and are willing to utilize fringe benefits that are offered by their employer as part of their compensation package. Upon reviewing the possible competition, the two main competitors of Corporate Fitness are local YMCA’s, whose market is primarily lower-income families and/or students who want accessibility and affordability of fitness facilitates, and local fitness centers and gyms, whose market is primarily middle to upper class who generally are fitness seekers that have a daily regimen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through threat and opportunity analysis, our company’s threats are more likely going to be from the state residents than from other businesses. Although these threats are identified, other threats to consider are a lack of immunity to an economic downturn; potential competition from larger, well established competitors; and a change in society where individuals begin to take far more responsibility for their health. With MS’s current state of obesity, we do realize that we are facing a complete lifestyle change by the workers of MS.

Analyzing Stylistic Choices Essay

Precise writers make linguistic choices to create certain effects. They want to have their readers react in a certain way. Go back through the text and analyze Krakauer’s use of words, sentences, and paragraphs, and take note as to how effective a writer he is. Analyzing Chapters 8–10 Paragraphs In the first part of Chapter 8, Krakauer quotes Alaskans who had opinions about McCandless and his death. 1. Why does Krakauer cite these letters? How does citing them add to or detract from the text? 2. Choose one of these letters, and respond to it, explaining the degree to which you agree or disagree. Tone Krakauer inserts himself into the story in Chapter 8. 3. Does this give him more credibility? 4. Do you find this annoying? Why or why not? Analyzing Chapters 11–13 A few pages into Chapter 13, Krakauer describes McCandless’s sister’s behavior when she was told about her brother’s death. 5. Why does he use the word â€Å"keening† instead of crying? 6. What are the denotations and connotations of this word? What is its history? Sentences Reread aloud the next-to-last paragraph in Chapter 13, where Krakauer powerfully describes Billie’s grief. 7. Rephrase the paragraph and simplify it in your own words. 8. What makes Krakauer’s description (quoted below) powerful? â€Å"It is all she can do to force herself to examine the fuzzy snapshots. As she studies the pictures, she breaks down from time to time, weeping as only a mother who has outlived a child can weep, betraying a sense of loss so huge and irreparable that the mind balks at taking its measure. â€Å"Such bereavement, witnessed at close range, makes even the most eloquent apologies for high-risk activities ring fatuous and hollow.† Analyzing Chapters 14 and 15 Words Krakauer uses technical vocabulary related to mountain climbing in these two chapters. Investigate the meaning technical words you don’t know. What is the effect of these words on the reader? Summarizing and Responding Chapters 1-7 describe McCandless’s journey and death. Chapters 8-15 try to put McCandless’s life in a larger context by comparing him to other people: other wanderers, his family, and the author of the book. Look over your notes and annotations and answer the following questions. Write your answers in your notebook: 1. How does McCandless compare with the other wanderers Krakauer describes? In what ways is McCandless similar? In what ways is he different? Do we understand McCandless better after making these comparisons? 2. Krakauer and others have speculated that McCandless was estranged from his family because of his relationship with his father. What was his family life like? Does it explain his later behavior? 3. Krakauer clearly feels a strong connection to McCandless. Do you think they were very similar? Why or why not? In what ways is this book as much about Krakauer as it is about McCandless? 4. Taking your notes and your answers to the above questions into account, write a short paragraph answering the following question: Who was Chris McCandless? Thinking Critically Rhetorical appeals are the accepted ways in which we persuade or argue a case. The following questions will move you through more traditional rhetorical appeals. By focusing on appeals to the writer, to emotion, and to logic, you will be able to discover how Krakauer has persuaded us and how you can use these techniques to persuade others when you write or speak. Questions about Logic (Logos) 1. Krakauer summarizes the response to his article by saying, â€Å"The prevailing Alaska wisdom held that McCandless was simply one more dreamy half-cocked greenhorn who went into the country expecting to find answers to all his problems and instead found only mosquitos and a lonely death† (72). Has  Krakauer made the case that the prevailing Alaska wisdom is wrong? Why or why not? 2. At the end of Chapter 9, Krakauer describes Irish monks known as the papar who sought out lonely places so much that they left Iceland for Greenland when some Norwegians showed up because they thought that it had become too crowded, even though the land was nearly uninhabited. Krakauer writes, â€Å"Reading of these monks, one cannot help thinking of Everett Reuss and Chris McCandless† (97). Krakauer implies that there is some kind of similarity between Reuss, McCandless, and the papar, but instead of making a specific connection, he just says â€Å"one cannot help thinking of.† Is this a good argument? Why or why not? 3. Krakauer argues in Chapter 14 that McCandless’s death was unplanned and was a terrible accident (134). Does the book so far support that position? Do you agree with Krakauer? Why or why not? 4. Look for other claims that Krakauer makes that might be weak or unsupported. What are they? Questions about the Writer (Ethos) 5. Chapters 14 and 15 describe Krakauer’s successful attempt when he was 23 years old to climb the â€Å"Devil’s Thumb,† a mountain in Alaska. He also describes what he thinks are parallels between McCandless and himself. Do these chapters increase his credibility for writing this book, or do they undermine his credibility by making it seem like he has his own agenda and is not objective? Questions about Emotions (Pathos) 6. Chapters 11-13 are about McCandless’s relationships with his family. Do any of these descriptions cause an emotional reaction in the reader? If so, what is it about the descriptions that causes this connection? Is it the words? Is it that we identify with the family situations? Do these effects  make the book more powerful? Explain your answer. 7. Chapters 14-15 describe the author’s actions and his emotional and psychological state as he climbs the mountain. For example, when he accidentally burns a big hole in his tent, which actually belongs to his father, he is more worried about his father’s reaction than the cold. What are some other details that have an emotional impact on the readers? How do these affect you as the reader? Reading (Chapters 16-18, Plus Epilogue) Reading for Understanding: First Reading As you read this section of the text, keep your notes, questions, and observations in your Into the Wild notebook. Continue to keep track of the literary quotations that Krakauer uses in his epigraphs. Because you are studying McCandless’s personality to discover why he made the decisions he did, continue to keep a log of McCandless’s personality traits. Reading Chapters 16–18: Into the Alaskan Wild 1. After a long detour, Krakauer brings us back to the scene of McCandless’s death. What does Krakauer discuss in these chapters that he did not discuss in the previous chapters? Why did he delay presenting this information? 2. Krakauer provides a lot of quotations from McCandless’s journal in these chapters. What is McCandless talking about? Why did Krakauer include these selections? 3. Krakauer quotes one of McCandless’s friends, who said that McCandless â€Å"was born into the wrong century. He was looking for more adventure and freedom than today’s society gives people† (174). Do you think this is true? Reading the Epilogue: Grief 4. What was your initial sense of McCandless’s mental condition compared to what you think now? Have you changed your mind? 5. What was your reaction to his parents as they visited the bus? Considering the Structure of the Text Mapping out the organizational structure of the text helps us to understand the content itself. Outlining Chapters 16–18 1. In Chapter 16, Krakauer gives a summary of the last few months of McCandless’s life. Do you think Krakauer admires McCandless or not? Cite your evidence. 2. In Chapter 17, Krakauer does not arrive at the bus until after about four pages. In those first pages, he gives us the details of the equipment he carries, the flow of the river, and the others with him. Is this necessary? What does it add? What does it detract? 3. Krakauer says that McCandless had a kind of â€Å"idiosyncratic logic.† Explain Krakauer’s meaning and the extent to which you agree or disagree with him. Outlining the Epilogue This part of the book is very short. 4. What is the effect of having an epilogue that focuses entirely on the parents’ return to the bus? Does it provide closure? Annotating and Questioning the Text Our first reading of a book gives us the story line, the major conflicts, and a sense of what the author intends. The second (or third) reading provides  richer analyses and a deeper understanding of the text. In the author’s notes, Krakauer provides a guide to our reading—especially to our subsequent reading of Into the Wild. In the â€Å"Author’s Note† at the beginning of the book, Krakauer introduces the complexity of Chris McCandless. His words imply the following four questions, which we have been considering throughout the book: 1. Should we admire McCandless for his courage and noble ideas? 2. Was he a reckless idiot? 3. Was he crazy? 4. Was he an arrogant and stupid narcissist? Make marginal notes as you reread the text. When you respond to the chapter questions, cite the text, if necessary, where you find evidence for your judgments. At this point in your reading, have your answers to these questions changed in any way? Annotating Chapters 16–18 5. List the various miscalculations and mistakes McCandless made. 6. Toward the end of Chapter 16, Krakauer tells us that McCandless read Walden. You may want to take a look at Thoreau’s text and figure out what Chris found most interesting in Thoreau’s discussion of food. 7. Have you ever fasted? Do you know anyone who has? Do some research on fasting and report to the class what you find or write a short report. Annotating the Epilogue The traditional definition of an epilogue is that it is a concluding part of a literary work. 8. Is Into the Wild a â€Å"literary work†? Why or why not? 9. Is the last paragraph of the book an effective ending to the book? Why or why not? Analyzing Stylistic Choices Analyzing Stylistic Choices helps you see the linguistic and rhetorical choices writers make to inform or convince readers. Precise writers make linguistic choices to create certain effects because they want their readers to react in a certain way. Go back through the text, and analyze Krakauer’s use of words, sentences, and paragraphs. Then decide how effective his writing is. Analyzing Chapters 16–18 Tone Read aloud the last paragraph in Chapter 18. 1. How does Krakauer know that McCandless â€Å"was at peace, serene as a monk gone to God†? Explain. 2. Does Krakauer have the right to infer from the photograph that McCandless had the serenity of a monk? 3. What is an alternative interpretation of the photograph? Analyzing the Epilogue Read aloud the last paragraph of the book. 4. Is the language literary? Why or why not? What is its effect on you? Thinking Critically Rhetorical appeals are the accepted ways in which we persuade or argue a case. The following questions will consider the traditional rhetorical appeals. By focusing on the appeal to logic, to the writer, and to emotion, you will understand further how Krakauer has persuaded us and how you can use these techniques to persuade others when you write or speak. Questions about Logic (Logos) 1. In Chapter 16, Krakauer says that McCandless â€Å"seemed to have moved beyond his need to assert so adamantly his autonomy, his need to separate himself from his parents. Maybe he was prepared to forgive their imperfections; maybe he was even prepared to forgive some of his own. McCandless seemed ready, perhaps, to go home.† Do you agree with Krakauer’s assessment? 2. Look at McCandless’s response to several passages in Tolstoy’s â€Å"Family Happiness† toward the end of Chapter 16: He was right in saying that the only certain happiness in life is to live for others . . . I have lived through much, and now I think I have found what is needed for happiness. A quiet secluded life in the country, with the possibility of being useful to people to whom it is easy to do good, and who are not accustomed to have it done to them; then work which one hopes may be of some use; then rest, nature, books, music, love for one’s neighbor—such is my idea of happiness. And then, on top of all that, you for a mate, and children, perhaps—what more can the heart of a man desire. (169) Does this indicate a change in McCandless? Was he ready to â€Å"go home†? 3. Krakauer says that in his original article, he â€Å"reported with great certainty that H. mackenzii, the wild sweet pea, killed the boy† (192). He now feels he was wrong. What evidence does he have for his new position? 4. Does Krakauer prove his hypothesis that McCandless’s death was an unplanned accident? Questions about the Writer (Ethos) 5. What is your impression of Krakauer as a person and a writer at this point? What are some of the details that give you this impression? Questions about Emotions (Pathos) 6. Does this piece affect you emotionally? Which parts? Summarizing and Responding In Chapter 18, Krakauer reports that some cabins stocked with food and emergency gear were located about three hours upstream from the bus where McCandless died. However, after McCandless had been found dead, a wildlife biologist in the area discovered that the cabins had been vandalized. He said, I’m a bear technician, so I know what bear damage looks like. This looked like somebody had gone at the cabins with a claw hammer and bashed everything in sight. From the size of the fireweed growing up through mattresses that had been tossed outside, it was clear that the vandalism had occurred many weeks earlier. (196) Some people blamed McCandless, saying that he was angry that civilization had intruded into his wilderness. Others said that there was no evidence that McCandless had even walked that way. Considering everything you know about McCandless—his journey, his character, his ideas—do you think that he was capable of trashing these cabins? After reading this book, do you know  McCandless well enough to know whether or not he would do this? Write a paragraph in your notebook about your thoughts. Reflecting on Your Reading Process 1. There is still so much unknown about Chris McCandless and his journey. What do you want to learn next? 2. What reading strategies did you use or learn in this module? Which strategies will you use in reading other texts? How will these strategies apply in other classes? 3. In what ways has your ability to read and discuss texts like this one improved?

Analyzing Andy Jackson s Tears Of A Tiger - 1261 Words

Analyzing Andy Jackson in Tears of a Tiger High school is a big time for change in a teenagers life. They go through problems with friends, family, grades, and sports. For Andy Jackson, a 17 year old student at Hazelwood High School, he went through all of those troubles. He plays for the basketball team with his friends Rob Washington, Tyrone Mills, and B.J. Carson. One night after basketball practice, Andy was drinking alcohol and driving which led them to get in a car crash. Andy, Tyrone, and B.J. escaped the car with a few cuts and bruises, but Rob got stuck and burned to death. Rob’s death brought Andy to blame himself. He turns away from his friends, his girlfriend, Keisha, and his family. Andy changes negatively after the car crash; he becomes insecure, he closes up his feelings, and he turns emotionally weak. To begin with, Andy used to be known as the outgoing teammate. His team looked up to him and even though he didn’t have the best grades in school, his classmates envied his confidence. Andy says to Rob after practice and before the crash, â€Å"‘You better be lookin’ out for me- here’s my card- Andy Jackson- superstar shooter and lover to the ladies†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Andy would compete with his friends and boast about his skills on the court and in the locker room. It demonstrates how proud he is of his basketball achievements. Immediately after the accident, Andy becomes insecure. He shows up late to the first home basketball game after Rob’s death. Rob was the captain of theShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages 35 implies that proves that leads me to believe that hence in conclusion for this reason accordingly the moral is means that we can infer that as a result The following phrases are not helpful clues in identifying arguments and analyzing their structure. They are not indicator phrases: if on the contrary yet and nevertheless also Occasionally words that could be indicators do not function as indicators. Look at the word â€Å"since† in this example: Since NovemberRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesUniversity of Minnesota and George Washington University. His MBA and Ph.D. are from the University of Minnesota, with a BBA from Drake University. Before coming into academia, he spent thirteen years in retailing with the predecessor of Kmart (S. S. Kresge), JCPenney, and Dayton-Hudson and its Target subsidiary. He held positions in store management, central buying, and merchandise management. His first textbook, Marketing: Management and Social Change, was published in 1972. It was ahead

5 Steps for Balancing Chemical Equations

Being able to balance chemical equations is a vital skill for chemistry. Heres a look at the steps involved in balancing equations, plus a worked example of how to balance an equation. Steps of Balancing a Chemical Equation Identify each element found in the equation. The number of atoms of each type of atom must be the same on each side of the equation once it has been balanced.What is the net charge on each side of the equation? The net charge must be the same on each side of the equation once it has been balanced.If possible, start with an element found in one compound on each side of the equation. Change the coefficients (the numbers in front of the compound or molecule) so that the number of atoms of the element is the same on each side of the equation. Remember, to balance an equation, you change the coefficients, not the subscripts in the formulas.Once you have balanced one element, do the same thing with another element. Proceed until all elements have been balanced. Its easiest to leave elements found in pure form for last.Check your work to make certain the charge on both sides of the equation is also balanced. Example of Balancing a Chemical Equation ? CH4 ? O2 → ? CO2 ? H2O Identify the elements in the equation: C, H, OIdentify the net charge: no net charge, which makes this one easy! H is found in CH4 and H2O, so its a good starting element.You have 4 H in CH4 yet only 2 H in H2O, so you need to double the coefficient of H2O to balance H.1 CH4 ? O2 → ? CO2 2 H2OLooking at carbon, you can see that CH4 and CO2 must have the same coefficient.1 CH4 ? O2 → 1 CO2 2 H2OFinally, determine the O coefficient. You can see you need to double the O2 coefficient in order to get 4 O seen on the product side of the reaction.1 CH4 2 O2 → 1 CO2 2 H2OCheck your work. Its standard to drop a coefficient of 1, so the final balanced equation would be written:CH4 2 O2 → CO2 2 H2O Take a quiz to see if you understand how to balance simple chemical equations. How to Balance a Chemical Equation for a Redox Reaction Once you understand how to balance an equation in terms of mass, youre ready to learn how to balance an equation for both mass and charge. Reduction/oxidation or redox reactions and acid-base reactions often involve charged species. Balancing for charge means you have the same net charge on both the reactant and product side of the equation. This isnt always zero! Heres an example of how to balance the reaction between potassium permanganate and iodide ion in aqueous sulfuric acid to form potassium iodide and manganese(II) sulfate. This is a typical acid reaction. First, write the unbalanced chemical equation:KMnO4  Ã‚  KI  Ã‚  H2SO4  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  I2  Ã‚  MnSO4Write down the oxidation numbers for each type of atom on both sides of the equation:Left hand side: K 1; Mn 7; O -2; I 0; H 1; S 6Right hand side: I 0; Mn 2, S 6; O -2Find the atoms that experience a change in oxidation number:Mn: 7 → 2; I: 1 → 0Write a skeleton ionic equation that only covers the atoms that change oxidation number:MnO4- → Mn2I- → I2Balance all of the atoms besides the oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) in the half-reactions:MnO4- → Mn22I- → I2Now add O and H2O as needed to balance oxygen:MnO4- → Mn2 4H2O2I- → I2Balance the hydrogen by adding H as needed:MnO4- 8H → Mn2 4H2O2I- → I2Now, balance charge by adding electrons as needed. In this example, the first half-reaction has a charge of 7 on the left and 2 on the right. Add 5 electrons to the left to balance the charge. The second half-re action has 2- on the left and 0 on the right. Add 2 electrons to the right.MnO4- 8H 5e- → Mn2 4H2O2I- → I2 2e-Multiply the two half-reactions by the number that yields the lowest common number of electrons in each half-reaction. For this example, the lowest multiple of 2 and 5 is 10, so multiply the first equation by 2 and the second equation by 5:2 x [MnO4- 8H 5e- → Mn2 4H2O]5 x [2I- → I2 2e-]Add together the two half-reactions and cancel out species that appear on each side of the equation:2MnO4- 10I- 16H → 2Mn2 5I2 8H2O Now, its a good idea to check your work by making sure the atoms and charge are balanced: Left hand side:  2 Mn; 8 O; 10 I; 16 HRight hand side:  2 Mn; 10 I; 16 H; 8 O Left hand side:  Ã¢Ë†â€™2  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  10  16  Ã‚  4Right hand side:  4

Article Review Methodology Employment And Reasoning

Methodology Employment and Reasoning The researcher in the article that I chose to review used a qualitative study based off of the viewpoints of the paramedics that were employed with the agency that drove the ambulances. Using this qualitative method, the researcher was able to obtain data for their research. In the article, the author had â€Å"conducted interviews with 19 different paramedics that worked in two separate areas in the southwestern Ontario that would be analyzed using grounded theory methods† (insert source). This data that is collected from this study will be beneficial in demonstrating how misusing the 911 system for non-emergencies can have detrimental effects in the long run and create chaos and hardship for the†¦show more content†¦This study attained research ethics consent from the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board. Sample Population In this study, paramedics were recruited from two regions in southwestern Ontario that include urban municipalities and rural townships, each having a population over 500,000 residents. These paramedics were invited to participate in the study via e-mail. The only inclusion criterion present, was that the participant had to have worked as a paramedic responding to medical calls within the past year in order to participate in the interview process. Within each of these two regions, several paramedics had responded to the e-mail, and along the way additional participants were added to the interview process as well through snowball sampling. New participants were recruited and interviews continued until theoretical saturation. Independent and Dependent Variables Since this is a qualitative study, it does not have an independent or dependent variable for measurement. Sample Questions and Instrument and Conduction of Data Collection Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted over a period of a year between March of 2011 through June of 2012 with nineteen different paramedics. These phone interviews lasted ranging anywhere from 27 minutes to 64Show MoreRelatedEffect Of Smoke Regulation On Hospitality Industry1457 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch article should be presented as logical arguments and in such a way that sequence of the article sections will correspond to a model or chain of reasoning that applies to such article (Krathwohl, 2009, P.62). However, the research article by Hyland, et al (2003) does not seem to have the framework or follow this model or organized in â€Å"chain-of-reasoning sequence/format for some reasons best known by the authors’. Beside, Krathwohl, (2009) pointed out that this chain-chain-of reasoning modelRead MorePsychological Impact Of Prison Life On Both Prisoners And Guards Essay2415 Words   |  10 Pagesevaluated and determined to be healthy, and the participants were compensated for their time in the study at 15 dollars per day. It also complied with the Common Rule, which required Dr. Zimbardo to submit his study to the approval of an institutional review board (IRB). In this case, the study met the IRB’s criteria and the study was approved. Also, Zimbardo did not knowingly deceive his subjects. Though little direction was given, the volunteers knew the parameters of the experiment, understood theirRead MoreResearch Proposal: Exploring the Causes of Teenage Pregnancy in the UK2756 Words   |  12 PagesProblem and Justification 3 1.3 Aim of Research 3 1.4 Objectives of Research 3 1.5 Research Questions 4 2.0 Research Methodology 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Research Philosophy 5 2.3 Study Design 6 2.4 Research Method 7 2.5 Research Approach 7 2.6 The Time frame and Work Schedule of Research 8 2.7 Sources of Data 9 2.8 Facility and Personnel needed 10 3.0 Literature Review 11 3.1 Introduction 11 3.2 High rate of Teenage Pregnancy in UK 11 3.3 Negative outcomes of Teenage Pregnancy 12 3Read MoreEconomic models for peace, growth and poverty alleviation and resolution of con√ °ict in Nepal, July 2010-July 20113073 Words   |  13 Pages2010-July 2011 ict Poverty and inequality in Nepal has increased substantially in the last two decades. Major reason for this is the failure of the economy to grow because of internal con†¡ and political ict instability. As a result of the lack of employment prospects in the country thousands of young people are forced to migrate abroad and economy has lost manpower that could actively contribute to the growth process. Nepal’ performance has been dismal compared s to neighboring countries in termsRead MoreEssay on Methods for Critical Thinking1970 Words   |  8 Pagesdevelop the ability to make informed and responsible decisions in their everyday life† (n.d., p. 3). Envision a high school English class with 25 students†¦half may go to college, a quarter might not even graduate, and the other quarter might seek employment immediately after high school. One thing each of these students will certainly need after high school is critical thinking skills. 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Using a historical, political and economic lens he first outlines how and why China reformed and the socio-political context for the financial and political liberalisation policies that took place in rural areas under Deng Xiaoping. He then moves to the crux of his article – the emergence and massive impact rural private VTEs (Village and Township Enterprises)Read MoreGlobal Entrepreneurship Monitor ( Gem )3594 Words   |  15 Pagesindividual entrepreneur is critical in the development of new business ventures (Hisrich, Langan-Fox Grant 2007). In contemporary times, uncertainty about economic stability is rising. As a result, students are â€Å"now faced with a wider variety of employment options, the probability of ending up with a diversity of jobs, more responsibility at work and more stress† (Henry, Hill Leitch 2005) making entrepreneurship a more appealing options for future graduates. 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It can additionally interest for the provisional change in the area which can bring about additional using. 2.4 Business/Industry review – This could be a standout amongst the most essential part of the business. On the off chance that we begin strategizing the routes as per the certainties given, Boston Beer Company may begin pulling in more clients than at any time in the pas

Administrative Law Free Essays

This problem is a straight forward problem in judicial review and prerogative remedies. Judicial review can be done through Prerogative orders. Judicial review refers to the Court’s review of a lower or administrative body’s factual or legal findings[1]. We will write a custom essay sample on Administrative Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prerogative remedies are remedies which if not always are designed from the first for the control of governmental duties and powers, have long been used for the purpose especially[2]. These remedies are such as certiorari, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and habeas corpus. Appropriate remedies which Cristiano Ronaldo may seek in an action before the High Court and the reasons for seeking of each of the remedies are; Certiorari, this is an order issued by the High Court to an inferior court or any authority exercising judicial functions to investigate and decide the legality and the validity of the orders passed by it. Ronaldo can apply for a remedy of certiorari following the reasons that the administrative body acted in excess of its powers of which is one of the suitable condition for the issuance of this remedy. The reason with which this order can be issued is due to the fact that the administrative body had exercised its powers in excess. In the case of R vs. Electricity commissioners,[3] it stated the conditions suitable for the application of the writ of certiorari in that when a body of persons having a legal authority to determine questions affecting the rights of subjects and having the duty to act judicially, acts in excess of their legal authority, they are subject to the controlling jurisdiction of the King’s Bench Division. Ronaldo can also base on the ground that there was a failure on the part of the Director of Trade to exercise his discretionary power. The conditions vested upon this ground, is that the same discretionary powers must be exercised by the person to whom it is vested and within the ambit of the law. For instance, in the case of Keshavan Bhaskaran vs. State of Kerala,[4] the rule provided that no school-leaving certificate would be granted to any person unless he had reached 15 years of age. Under certain deserving circumstances, the Director was empowered to grant exemptions from this rule. But the director further self-imposed his own rule that unless the deficiency in age was less than two years, which was contrary to the provisions of the discretion. The court held that the rule of policy was contrary to the law; hence the decision was quashed by certiorari. Also Ronaldo can advance in his argument the fact that there was a violation of the rules of Natural Justice which are the right to be heard and the rule against bias. He was not given the opportunity to be heard. For example in the case of Simeoni Manyaki v. Institute of Financial Management[5], the court issued certiorari on the reason of failure to observe the rules of natural justice by refusing the applicant the right to be heard. The case of Sinai Mrumbe and Another v. Muhere Chacha[6] provides that the order of Certiorari is issued by the High Court to quash the proceedings and the decision of a subordinate court or tribunal or a public authority where there are no other alternative remedy. In this problem there is no other remedy which has been stated to be availed to Ronaldo. Therefore certiorari can be issued against Mr. Toure. The other remedy is mandamus; this is the prerogative writ for compelling performance of public duties. It is a discretionary prerogative power which the court will grant only in suitable cases and withhold in others. Mandamus commands the authority to perform some legal duty. For Mandamus to be granted the case of John Mwombeki Byombalirwa v. The Regional Commissioner Kagera and Another[7], Mwalusanya, J (as he then was) advanced five conditions for an order of mandamus to be issued they are as follows; the applicant must have demanded performance and the respondent must have refused to perform, the respondent as public officers must have a public duty to perform imposed on them by the statute or any other law but it should not be a duty owed solely to the state but should be a duty owed to the individual citizen. The public duty imposed shou ld be of an imperative nature and not a discretionary one. The applicant must have locus stand that is he must have sufficient interest in the matter he is applying for lastly there should be no other appropriate remedy available to the applicant. In this problem the conditions are present as Ronaldo has demanded the performance for the renewal of license and the Director of Trade refused and he was not been given notice as noted in the case of Palm Beach Inn Ltd and Another v. Commissioner for Tourism and Two Others[8]. Also Mr. Toure was having a duty to perform on him thus to grant license. This duty was not of an imperative nature as the case of considering the application of license and not discretion as per the case of Re Mohamed Aslam Khan[9]. Also Ronaldo has a interest as he is an aggrieved person thus he has a locus standi as per the case of Alfred Lakaru v. Town Director Arusha[10]. Lastly there is no other appropriate remedy as the right to appeal is not indicated in the problem. Reasons in which Ronaldo can base in his application are violation of the rules of natural justice as per the case of Simeoni Manyaki v. Institute of Financial Management[11] Also there was irrelevant consideration as per the case of Fernandez v. Kericho Liquor Licensing Board. Error of jurisdiction as per the case of R v. Minister of Transport[12], failure to exercise discretion and legitimate expectation as per the case of Schmidt v. Secretary of Home Affairs[13] . PART B: Grounds upon which Cristiano Ronaldo would advance in his argument to convince the court to grant him remedies h e seeks are; Violation of the rules of natural justice, remedies can be issued where there is a violation of natural justice. In this problem Cristiano Ronaldo was not given a hearing thus the right to be heard before the renewal of his license was refused by the Director of Trade. The right to be heard is derived from the Latin maxim ‘audi alteram partem’, which simply means hear the other side. Under this the person to be affected by the decision of the administrative body must be given a notice of the case against him so that he can defend himself for example in the case of R v. University of Cambridge[14], the applicant was deprived of his degree on allegations of misconduct but no notice was given to him. The court quashed the decision for the breach of the rules of natural justice. Ronaldo was not given any prior warning by the Local licensing authority Also there is hearing thus the must be given a fair opportunity to present his case and contradict any statement prejudicial to his interests. In this problem Ronaldo was not given a hearing for example in the case of Felix Bushaija and Ot hers v. Institute of Development Management Mzumbe and Others[15]; in this case the students were expelled from the institution without a hearing. They made application for prerogative orders of certiorari, mandamus and prohibition to quash the decision to expel them and affording the students the right to be heard. The remedies ware awarded basing on the ground of violation of the rules of natural justice. Another ground is legitimate expectation; this ground is evoked when an individual was affected by an adverse decision of the administrative body without being heard. In this problem the Director of Trade refuses the renewal of business license to Ronaldo in which he was having expectations that the license was to be renewed as it in other years the respective administrative authority denies to grant the same to that individual, without availing him with a hearing and good reasons. In the case of Schmidt vs. Secretary of Home Affairs,[16] it was held that the rules of natural justice also protect any legitimate expectation of a person of which it would be unfair to deprive him without hearing of what he would have to say. There is failure to exercise jurisdiction as there is dictation or abdication. Acting under dictation happen when an authority acts under the dictation of a superior authority which in fact was not what was intended by the statute. This ground is clear as the Director of Trade, Mr. Koure Toure, was acting from firm instructions of Thiery Henry the influential councilor at the city hall. For example in the case of Cader vs. Commissioner for Mosque,[17] in this case a board was having power to appoint trustee of mosque they consulted the member of Parliament who supplied the list of names including his own name the board later endorse the names supplied by the Member of Parliament. The court held that the decision of the Board was null and void because it was made by an outsider. Also Mr. Koure Toure, the Local licensing Authority have considered irrelevant matters and leaving out relevant matters. The statement that the license is not renewable on the grounds of irresponsible behavior of the applicant and that he does not respect his elders and consequently not being fit to hold a license, is purely a consideration of irrelevant matters which omits the principle that it is only the relevant matters that are to be considered by any administrative body. If the authority takes into account only irrelevant or extraneous considerations, the exercise of that power will be ultra vires and the action termed as bad. For instance, in the case of Hukam Chand vs. Union of India,[18] upon the petitioner’s phone disconnection on the grounds of it being used for illegal trading, the Supreme Court held that it was an extraneous consideration and an arbitrary exercise of power by the authority. Likewise, in the case of Re:Bukoba Gymkhana Club,[19] in this case the court ruled that the refusal for the renewal of the license by the Licensing Authority on the ground that the club was discriminatory by looking in its composition was ultra vires due to irrelevant consideration In addition to that the decision made by the Director of Trade as the Local Licensing Authority was unreasonable and no reasonable authority will make such a decision of refusing the applicant’s renewal of business license on the ground of irresponsible behaviour and that he did not respect his elders. In the case of Kruse vs. Johnson,[20] the local authority passed the by law prohibiting any person from music and singing in any public place or highway within 50 yards of any dwelling house the court nullified the by law on the ground of unreasonableness and therefore ultra vires. Error of jurisdiction, this happens when an inferior court or tribunal acts without jurisdiction or fails to exercise jurisdiction vested in it by law. This is due do the fact that Mr. Thierry Henry assumed jurisdiction and give firm instructions to the Director of Trade not to renew Ronaldo’s license under any circumstance. In the case of R v. Minister of Transport[21], it was held that even though the minister was not empowered to revoke the license he passed an order of revocation of license. The decision was quashed. Convincingly Cristiano Ronaldo should be granted the remedies as prayed for due to the grounds afore mentioned the aim being to keep the Local Licensing Authority within the limits of its jurisdiction. How to cite Administrative Law, Papers

Elizabeths innocence Essay Example For Students

Elizabeths innocence Essay The ending of act II answers the question set up at the opening of the act, Will the Proctors be caught up by the witch hunt? The answer is yes, and Elizabeth is accused by Abigail of being a witch and is taken away. This section of act II begins with Proctor, Elizabeth, Mary, Hale, Herrick, Francis, Giles and Cheever still in Proctors house. Cheever has come to arrest Elizabeth. Mary made a doll in court for Elizabeth, and a needle was found in it. Cheever says that Abigail was stabbed by a needle that night, and that Abigail accuses Elizabeth of using witchcraft. Abigail was sat next to Mary in court while she made the doll, and aware it was for Elizabeth planted a needle in it. Proctor is tremendously angry and upset that theyre arresting his wife away. In the beginning of act II he is unsure of his feelings for Abigail and when Elizabeth asks him to go to Salem and denounce Abigail he wont. But now Abigail has accused Elizabeth he is sure he no longer feelings for her and loves his wife very much. But by this time its too late. Proctor tries to physically stop them from taking his wife away but it doesnt work. Elizabeth tells John she must go with them. John promises he will bring her home. This is a very emotional scene and shows that they love each other deeply. The opening and ending of act 2 contrasts in many ways. The act begins in the Proctors house, which seems far removed from the hysteria that is transpiring in the village, but by the end even the Proctors are in the middle of it all. Also John and Elizabeths relationship is different in the opening and ending of the act. In the beginning they are arguing over Johns affair and its very frosty, but by the end it John is going to testify against Abigail, and John and Elizabeths true love for each other is exposed. These sections of act 2 prepare the audience for the events that follow. It ends with Proctor desperate to go to court and clear his wifes name and denounce Abigail, and he will do anything to protect his wife. It also shows how hard it is to convince even the most respectable people that the whole thing is a fraud, so it will be very difficult to prove Elizabeths innocence. Elizabeth is also a strong Christian, but she also loves her husband. This is why she undergoes a moral dilemma, is she to lie to save her husband? Or tell the truth like a good Christian and send her husband to his death? Ironically, each of these two choices actually works in the reverse. Its also apparent that Proctor is very protective of his good name and reputation in the village, which is one of the reasons why he wont go to Salem and denounce Abigail, as the truth about his adultery would be revealed to the village. Later in act 4 he has to choose whether to keep his good name or sign a false confession and lose it. He decides to keep his good name and is hanged with his good name, reputation and honour intact. The act is very important in the play as a whole as it explores the relationship between John and Elizabeth, which is vital to the ending of the play. It shows that underneath it all, they both very much love each other and Elizabeth finally forgives John for his affair, and helps you to understand the decisions both characters make in the ending of the play.