Black People and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Black People and Prejudice EssayAhhhhhhhh I squealed and jumped for joy the moment I dropped the phone. I hurrily scurried over to my mom to share the news. Mommy, I got my first job This was the stepping stone to me existence an independent young woman. I was officially employed at Hollister Co. as a sales model. I was ecstatic and excited to ease up most money at the tender age of 15.My first week was definitely a learning experience from learning how to maintain a cash registrar to folding tons of polos and jeans. Soon through this journey, it started to become bittersweet. With three months of being employed, my shifts were decrease from 4 shifts a week to 1 shift a week. As I looked at the schedule postings for the week, I noticed a trend with the scheduling of the shifts. Ironically, most of the employees that were working more hours and more shifts were white females. I figured it might have something to do with the fact that my supervisor is a white surfer-boy who is raise with beach-blonde beauties. However that did not stop me from asking him to put me on the schedule more.Sadly, I resent the day I had asked him. Unfortunately, he felt that I didnt have the natural beachy look that Hollister Co. was trying to perceive. I am of Malaysian decent and have tan skin color. Hearing that definitely bruised my ego and make me self-conscious ab expose my appearance. I felt this was a tactic for me to quit, and so I did.Over the months I begin to realize that ultimately at that place exit be people in the world that have a perspective of life that I cannot seem to change. I had realized that this was not my fault it was his receive personal judgment that led him to think that. I was treated this musical mode because of how I looked not on who I am. Many people have time-tested to explain the reasoning of why people are detrimentd and discriminate against one another. Two readings that are eye-openers about prejudice are Causes of Prejudice and C .P. Ellis. In the essay, Causes of Prejudice, the author Vincent N.Parrillo explains the reasons for racism and discrimination in the United States. Which brings us to Studs Terkels essay C.P. Ellis, he tells us the story of C.P. Ellis, a former Klansmen who claims he is no longer racist. With Parrillos essay, we will analyze what caused C.P. Ellis to be prejudice and how he changed.Parrillos Causes of Prejudice outlines reasons how and why prejudice exists in straightaways society. Parrillo first starts out telling us that prejudice is the rejection of a member of a certain culture, and that ethnocentrism is a rejection of all culture as a whole. He then states that there are four areas of study to consider when dealing with prejudice levels of prejudice, self-justification, personality, and frustration. This theory is ideal to the root of why and where prejudice starts. He explains that the first level of prejudice is the cognitive level of prejudice.This is a persons beliefs of a culture. The second level is the emotional level of prejudice. This level includes what kind of emotional response a culture has on a person. These emotions for example can be that of hate, love, fear, etc The final examination level, explains Parrillo, is the action oriented level. This is the desire to physically act upon their prejudice feelings toward the person or culture.As stated in the text, The emotional level of prejudice encompasses the feelings that a minority group arouses in an individual. Although these feelings may be based on stereotypes from the cognitive level they represent more intense stages of personal involvement (Parrillo 386). His statement holds true. In the sense of economic competition prejudice occurs frequently. We need to realize that jealousy is an important factor of prejudice. There would still be competitions, hatred, and stereotyping. It is just in our human nature.The story of C.P Ellis begins as he discusses his life as being a white male fr om a low-income class. His frustrations and misfortunes lead him to become a member of the Ku Klux Klan. His father al shipway told Ellis to stay away from contrabands, Jews, and Catholics and he obeyed his fathers wishes. In a sense, it seemed as if Ellis truly admired his father. At 17 years old, his father soon passed away and Ellis was forced to work to tend to his family. Ellis discusses his frustrations on having to make ends meet with four children, the eldest being mentally challenged and the struggles he has to endure to make it happen.Ellis begins to blame the black people for his tragedy and his misfortune of not being able to have sufficient funds. In relevance to Parrillos essay, he explains that frustrations tend to increase aggression toward others (Parrillo 393). This ties into the anger that Ellis began to direct it towards as he stated, I didnt know who to blame. I tried to find somebody. I began to blame it on black people. I had to hate somebody (Terkel four hun dred). Ellis believed that blaming others rather than himself was the best way to get over his frustrations. We are then exploited to the self esteem Ellis had and his state of mind when starting his racist ram foliate.To begin with, Ellis shows throughout the essay that he is weak minded and has very low self-esteem. Ellis states, The majority of em are low income whites, people who really dont have a give in something. They have been shut out as well as the blacksSo the natural person to hate would the black person (Terkel 401). Ellis started to hate the fact that he was poor and turned to the KKK. He felt the KKK opened opportunities he could achieve because of the stability and members of the group.Parrillo states that self-justification is lead to believe the main cause of prejudice. He states a person may avoid social contact with groups deemed inferior and associate only with those identified as being of high status (Parrillo 387). We can station the behaviors and personali ty Ellis displays is relevant to the same behaviors and personality of his father.Throughout the story, Ellis directed his hatred towards blacks just like his father did. Ellis states The natural person for me to hate would be black people, because my father before me was a member of the Klan. As far as he was concerned, it was the savior of the white people (Terkel 400). We can recognize that his racist ways came from his father who told him what to believe. We can identify this as the socialization factor of prejudice. When one is taught something which they live by all their life they begin to play a contribution just as the one who taught them those ways.Parrillo elaborates, We thus learn the prejudices of our parents and others, which then become part of our values and beliefs. Even when based on false stereotypes, prejudices shape our perceptions of unhomogeneous peoples and influence our attitudes and actions toward particular groups (Parrillo 394). We can make the connecti on that Elliss father was racist he gained his fathers characteristics as well as his beliefs. This similarly ties in when he begins to blame black people because he was taught they were the cause of the economic problems he was facing.Ellis states If we didnt have niggers in the schools, we wouldnt have the problems we got today (Terkel 402). Here he did not truly experience what he believed but he was told this and began to live by it, which was passed down by his father. Over the time, Ellis and his views about the blacks changed altogether.In the end, Ellis has an epiphany once he realized how much in common he really had with blacks. He soon began to realize that black people were just as normal and looking for the same thing in life. He tells us what he realized later in his life As long as they kept low-income whites and low-income blacks fightin, theyre gonna maintain control (Terkel 403). The revelation is going to change his life. He refers to they as being the politician s and government. He began to have his own mind circumstances and realize that all are alike and should not be treated differently.Some white people had just as low incomes as some black people, which led him to realize that they were all at the same level. There is no explanation as to why Ellis really decided to all of a sudden change his views. We can relate this to Parrillos statement, Although socialization explains how prejudicial attitudes may be transmitted from one generation to the next, it does not explain their antecedent or why they intensify or diminish over the years (Terkel 394).In conclusion, both Parrillos essay and Elliss story go slip by in hand in showing us the real reason why prejudice and racism still exists today. Vincent Parrillo exemplifies valid points and key notions on why cause a person to be prejudice and racist. C.P Ellis provides an insightful eye and truly gives us hope that maybe people will change their views over the years. Both showed us tha t prejudice is a prime factor in this society and this is because everyone was born and raised differently.Everyone has their own beliefs and ideas. Value, attitudes, beliefs and culture all are targets of prejudice. careless(predicate) of anything, we will never be able to change that. People just try to persevere to the stereotyping and criticizing of other races and their own.Works CitedParrillo, Vincent N. Causes of Prejudice.Rereading America Cultural Contexts for Critical cerebration and Writing. Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. 8th ed. Boston Bedford St. Martins, 2010. 384-398.Terkel, Studs. C.P Ellis.Rereading America Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ed.Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. 8th ed. Boston Bedford St. Martins, 2010. 398-408.Self-Editing Checklist1. Do you have a sufficient flake of quoted passages from theoretical essay you have chosen and have you commented sufficiently on each? List the page numbers of the p assages below. scallywag 386Page 387Page 393Page 3942. Do you have a sufficient number of quoted passages from personal essay you have chosen and have you commented sufficiently on each? List the page numbers of the passages below.Page 400Page 401Page 402Page 4033. Explain the order in which you chose to make your points via the passages you quoted.Studs Terkel then Vincent Parrillo Page 386 Page 393 Page 400 Page 401 Page 387 Page 400 Page 394 Page 402 Page 403 Page 3944. Name three writing errors you are likely to make in your prose and check the rough draft for these. Use the OWL website if necessary to lookfor examples of how to address these problems. List the likely errors below.Alternating long and short sentences.5. Read your final draft of the essay aloud so that you do not allow your eyes youre your brain to self-correct the errors in your essay. List the kinds of errors you found below.Spelling, grammar, punctuation.

Violence In The Flight Novel English Literature Essay

Violence In The Flight Novel English Literature EssayIn the current essay I would like to describe the violence, reflected in the unexampled by Sherman Alexie Flight. it should be noted that violence is an effect without consent in respect of an individual or a group.As a rule, the decimal point of violence is measured by the severity of the damage caused to the victim. thither are different kinds of violence, among them are inter- or intra-racial hostility, political violence, terrorism, war, child abuse, or sexual assault. There are numerous classifications of violence depending on the trait, among them areBy the principle of action physical, psychological, emotional, sexual, and so onOn social grounds political, religious, domestic, gender, violence against minors, animal abuse, etc.On the number of victims the massive, group, individual.On the shape of the damage the threat of terrorism, extortion, rape, attacks on property or territory, the promotion of violence through th e media, etc.Thesis program line violence is considered one of the cruelest expressions of physical force against people. The novel describes different situations that reflect violence from different sides, showing hatred, pain and suffering of people, which is the consequence of violence. As a matter of fact, any form of violence is unacceptable. The novel is written in first person, from the perspective of Native American teen who calls himself spots, travel back in time mass murderer.The novel describes the life ofZit, who is a foster child, and who has spent most of his life, who has faced different negative experiences.It can be said that in the novel Zit enters a new way of sentiment, and the thoughts considering the commitment of various kinds of violence.During the one of these incidents, Zit represents the body of a stranger, who will be the first of many such incidents. bill confronts feelings of Zits vulnerability, understood as a teenager, orphaned children, as well a s Native American people, as described in Sherman Alexie discussesFlight, his first novel in a decade.For me, at that place were several aspects that influenced my perception of the violence, first of all it was different transformation of the main character FBI Agent Hank Storm, Indian boy, Indian tracker, pilot Jimmy, Zits father. In the Flight are present different themes adolescence, morality, native American, and violence. Theme violence describes I get into arguments and fights with everyone. I am so angry that I was termination blind and deaf and dumb, as stated in Time-Traveling Lessons for a Teenager on the Verge.Zits starts off as very angry and violent man.He is so violent, that he expresses his hatred and anger on anyone around him. The boy also became a witness of violence, when he experienced transformations. By going through the events that he can not change anything, he realizes that the violence was severe consequences. And, understanding the way the violence affe cts people who surround him, he decides that he is living wrong, and he has to change something.As a matter of fact, the origins of violence and destruction in the novel refer to the issues of morality, perception of life and racism. As well, the novel reflects the life of minorities, their views on life and ethnic groups. Also, problems in society can be the origin of violence. This can lead to the serious consequences and sometimes even murder. Considering the Native American issue, the generator describes the racism and also stigma that refer to a Native American. He also understands the influence of minority views on life, depending on the background.As a fact, Zit understood that all people have different views and ideals.Zit learned a lot close to his own people, when he found out that his own story lie to him. As a fact, there are always different sides of the story.In my opinion this thesis is proved by such quote My father was an Indian. From this or that tribe. From this or that reservation. I never knew him Im Irish and Indian, which would be the coolest blend in the world if my parents were around to teach me how to be Irish and Indian. But theyre not here and havent been for years. So, Im not really Irish or Indian. Im a blank sky, a human solar eclipse, as stated in Flight A Novel.As a rule, readers state that the novel explores vengeance, against both enemies and strangers, and some of the scenes are disturbing, according to Sherman Alexie discussesFlight, his first novel in a decade. As well, in the book there are described the causes of violence. The positive moment is that there is a protagonists refusal to continue participation in violence.According to the Sherman Alexie, there was following motive to write this novel So that sense of personal betrayal, when compared to the epic crime, that combination just hit me. So I started writing about that, but then I started thinking about other moments of incredible violence in United States hist ory and what story hadnt been told about that particular act of violence. And so I started writing about other eras, according to Time-Traveling Lessons for a Teenager on the Verge.To sum it up, I would like to say that violence has to be prevented, especially gender, youth and targeted violence. Violence in the modern world leads to self-destructive behavior of people, such as drinking or running away from family or society. Also, violence leads to conflicts escalation and also major problems in humanity.

The School For Scandal by Richard Brinsley Sheridan

The School For S reardal by Richard Brinsley SheridanThe aim of satiric get along withdy was to subvert the social structures, concord to the Glossary, satiric comedy ridicules political policies or philosophical doctrines, or else attacks deviations from the social order by making ridiculous the violators of its standards of morals or manners (Abrams 39). gum olibanum the first aim of satire in general is to deconstruct the social and political constructions this was practiced by Aristophanes, and in the Renaissance by Ben Jonson. The comedy of manners originated by Menander, paved the way for Restoration comedy which was ripened by the French dramatist Moliere. After the popularity of Restoration comedy in England in eighteenth century, the sentimental comedy started to dominate the stage as a reaction against what was supposed as immorality of Restoration comedy, exactly still two study dramatists continued writing in Restoration comedies Oliver Goldsmiths She Stoops to Conq uer and his contemporary Richard Brinsley Sheridans The School for Scandal. Among the two, Sheridans play satirizes not still the upper-class social structure but too the contents of sentimental drama itself.The play shows a dichotomy of great and bad in eighteenth century society and that how the sentimental codes of behavior has circumscribed the good/evil binary into a flat pretension this dichotomy is depicted as the Surface brothers as their names allude they are judged only according to their exterior and surface behavior in the first scene Miss Verjuice describes the two brothers, Joseph and Charles Surface, this wayhere are two early mento whom Sir ray of light has acted as a kindof Guardian since their Fathers death, the eldest possessingthe most amiable Character and univers in ally well spoken of,the youngest the most dissipated and extravagant young Fellowin the Kingdom, without Friends or font (Ii)through the next lines it is revealed that the elder brother, Jos eph, who has apparently the most amiable Character has conspired a plot with lady Sneerwell to come between the love relationship of Charles and Maria (Sir motherfuckers ward) so that Joseph can marry Maria and skirt Sneerwll, a widow, can possess the young Charles who is flat bankrupt. chick Sneerwell explains about Joseph His real attachment is to Maria or her Fortune/but finding in his Brother a favoured Rival, He has been obliged/to mask his Pretensionsand pull in by my Assistance. And then confesses her desire for Charles must I confess that Charlesthat Libertine, thatextravagant, that Bankrupt in Fortune and Reputationthat Heit is for whom I am hence anxious and vixenish and to gain whomI would sacrifice- constantlyything (Ii)From these confessions the reader knows that Joseph who is universally well spoken of is a fraud, but since he is a good pretender and knows what the society demands to act as an honorable man, so he is seen by everybody even those who know he is p retending as a man of sentiment.LADY SNEERWELL. I have assemble outhim a long time since, altho He has contrived to deceiveeverybody besideI know him to be artful selfish and maliciouswhile with Sir Peter, and indeed with all his acquaintance,He passes for a youthful Miracle of Prudencegood senseand Benevolence.VERJUICE. Yes yesI know Sir Peter vows He has not his equalin England and, above all, He praises him as a manhood OF SENTIMENT.LADY SNEERWELL. True and with the give earance of his sentimentsand hypocrisy he has brought Sir Peter entirely in his interestswith respect to Maria and is now I believe attempting to flatterLady Teazle into the same good opinion towards himwhile poorCharles has no Friend in the Hou limithough I fear he has a powerfulone in Marias Heart, against whom we must direct our schemes.In the next scene, Rowley pronounces Sir Peter that Sir Oliver has arrived from the West Indies and is in the town Sir Oliver, the brothers uncle wants to choose his hair, thus he is to come and visit his nephews whom has not seen him since childhood and thus cannot recognize him by appearance. From their discussion it is clear that it is only Rowley that sees through the two gentlemenROWLEY. You know Sir Peter I have always taken the Liberty to protestwith you on the subject of these two young GentlemenI only wishyou may not be deceived in your opinion of the elder. For Charles,my life ont He will determine his errors yettheir worthy Father,once my honourd master, was at his years nearly as wild a spark. (Iii)But even Sir Peter cannot deny the importance of the codes of sentiment for a young manJoseph is indeed a modelfor the young men of the AgeHe is a man of Sentimentand acts upto the Sentiments he professesbut for the other, take my wordfort if he had any grain of Virtue by descenthe has dissipated itwith the rest of his inheritance. (Iii)Changing appearances once again enables the characters this time Sir Oliver, who has decided to put his neph ews on a trial, is bewilder to meet Charles as Premium, a broker. When they meet, Charles proposes selling his ancestors portraits to the broker for gaining bullion this makes Sir Oliver furious, but Charles denial of selling Sir Olivers own portrait even for eight hundred pounds downstairs the mask of a broker, Sir Oliver understands the kind nature of his nephewCHARLES. No, hang it Ill not part with poor Noll. The old fellowhas been very good to me, and, egad, Ill clutch his picture while Ivea room to put it in.SIR OLIVER. Aside. The rogues my nephew after allContrary to the supposed social values of an honorable man in eighteenth century, here Sheridan lets the audience have faith on a lax man who contrary to a man of sentiment, loves wine and women and puts his ancestors on an auction for money. He shifts the binaries of good/evil, moral/immoral, gentleman/rogue by giving attributes of one to the other and vice versa.Just as appearances can be useful for pretenders such as Joseph, Sheridan makes a comic scene in unveiling of appearances in the famous library scene in act 4 scene terzetto Joseph who secretly woos Sir Peters young wife, Lady Teazle, hides her behind a screen when Sir Peter enters unexpectedly, telling Joseph that he thinks his wife has an affair with Charles, the next visitor is Charles himself, Sir Peter similarly hides in the closet to hear his reaction to what he is accused of. Sir Peter comes out of the closet when he understands that Charles is innocent and when Joseph goes out, tells Charles that Joseph has a girl, a French Milliner, with himself who is now in this room Charles gets curious to see her and unveils the screen to their astonishment it is Lady Teazle standing there. Charles asks each of them to explain the situationCHARLES. Sir PeterThis is one of the smartest French MillinersI ever sawEgad, you seem all to have been diverting yourselveshere at Hide and Seekand I dont see who is out of the SecretShall I beg your Lad yship to inform meNot a wordBrotherwill you please to explain this matter? What is Honesty Dumb too?Sir Peter, though I appoint you in the Darkperhaps you are not sonowall mute Well tho I can make postal code of the Affair, I makeno doubt but you perfectly understand one anotherso Ill leave youto yourselves.Going. Brother Im sorry to find you have giventhat worthy man grounds for so a great deal uneasinessSir Petertheresnothing in the world so noble as a man of Sentiment-(IViii)Charles comparison of the situation to a back up (hide and seek) is a subversive look at the upper-class society of the time suggesting the fact that all these people of sentiment all playing roles in the game, and that when existence found out by others they lose the game since their supposed nobility is gone. They are decent, righteous fellows as long as they are hidden, and when they are found the game is over and simultaneously their dignity is over. This is the deconstructive view of a supposed noble society and this is what Sheridan predicts for pretenders of his time. The irony found in Charles witty comment to Sir Peter theres/nothing in the world so noble as a man of Sentiment hints the audience as well as Sir Peter and people who thinks resembling him, that the statement is a void pretension, only if a tool for villains to act out as a nobility.The main center of the structure of social morality and principles which is sentiment is totally decentered and deconstructed when Sir Oliver encounters this time Joseph But now I am no more/a Broker, and you shall introduce me to the elder Brother/as Stanley. once again borrowing another identity, (of Stanley a poor relative of the brothers mothers), Sir Oliver is to test Joseph, who unaware of the true identity of his companion, does not act his sentiments and declares that his uncle Oliver has through with(p) nothing for himSURFACE. My earnest Siryou are strangely misinformedSir Oliveris a worthy Man, a worthy mana very wor thy sort of Manbut avariceMr. Stanley is the vice of ageI will tell you my good Sir inconfidencewhat he has done for me has been a merenothingtho People I know have thought otherwise and for my Part I neverchose to oppose the Report.SIR OLIVER. Whathas he never transmittedyouBullionRupeesPagodasSURFACE. O Dear SirNothing of the kindnonoa few Presentsnow and thenchina, shawls, congo Tea, Avadavatsand indianCrackerslittle more, believe me.SIR OLIVER. Heres Gratitude for twelve thousand poundsAvadavats and indian Crackers. (Vi)Joseph even refuses giving money to the supposed Mr. Stanley who has come for borrowing money and instead flatters himself for what he has done for that unfortunate young man and accuses Charles of being extravagant. Later Sir Oliver and Rowley, knowing what Joseph has done to Sir Peter tease his ideas of sentiment.SIR OLIVER. I come only to tell you,that I have seen both my Nephews in the manner we proposed.SIR PETER. A Precious Couple they areROWLEY. Yes and S ir Oliveris positive(p) that your judgment was rightSir Peter.SIR OLIVER. Yes I find Joseph is Indeed the Man after all.ROWLEY. Aye as Sir Peter says, Hes a man of Sentiment.SIR OLIVER. And acts up to the Sentiments he professes.ROWLEY. It certainly is edification to hear him talk.SIR OLIVER. Oh, Hes a model for the young men of the ageBut hows this, Sir Peter? you dont Join us in your FriendJosephs Praise as I expected.SIR PETER. Sir Oliver, we live in a damned wicked world,and the fewer we praise the better. (Vii)The supposed binaries of good/evil that are now broken and it is not considerably appropriate to call one as good and the other as bad explains how the transcendental signified of sentiment was decenterd by Sheridan at the time. As Jacque Derrida proposed the binaries can be meaningful in a relation of difference that is we know red is red because it is different from blue. In this drama, Sheridan pictures that the difference between good and evil, respectable and dis honest, moral and immoral has turned into a deceptive play of appearances. For eighteenth century people, a person was good, because he did not gamble, drink, and did not court women. At the same time a person is evil since he did not behave morally and according to the defined sentiments. Sheridan wishes to change the attitude of the audience to suggest that the criterion of difference for judging between good and evil is not right.Joseph is depicted as the epitome of the societys hypocrisy, he is known by his friends who act in the same wayLADY SNEERWELL. O Lud you are going to be moral, and forgetthat you are among Friends.SURFACE. Egad, thats trueIll keep that sentiment till I seeSir Peter.It seems that being hypocritical is the fashion of the era and if one does not follow this fashion he is ruined as Charles was going to be ruined before his uncles arrival. The set of persons whose major task is to talk behind people and ruin characters create this school for scandal whose pre sident as Sir Peter declares is Lady Sneerwell. Sir Peters astonishment implies how mordacious the result of their assembly could beSIR PETER. Mercy on mehere is the whole seta characters dead at every word, I suppose. (IIii)Mrs. Candour, Benjamin Backbite and Crabtree assist her in this joyful business they have time to include everybody in their malevolent conversations as Mrs. Candour says the world/is so censorious no character escapes.They know that Charles is no man of pretending, and because of this they call him a miserable scandal in comparison to his brother. As Derrida studies the binaries, he claims that each binary opposition is a hierarchy, because always one term in the pair is privileged or considered superior to the other (Tyson 254). Hence, if one finds the binary oppositions in a culture and at the same time identifies the privileged one in the pair, one can discover something about the ideology of that culture. In this case in the binary of good/evil, the privil eged is good, but the problem is that, good and evil are arbitrary concepts. What the eighteenth century upper-class society understood as good were just a set of sentiments that were practiced through appearances. And what they recognized as evil, were again a set of behaviors that were announced universally as evil by the ideological apparatuses.What Sheridan does in his play, is to challenge the mind of the audience to rethink about the structure of these pre-established binaries and their ideological hierarchies hidden behind them and to try to deconstruct these structures in every individuals comprehension. drunkenness and flirting women and borrowing money from usurers cannot be an appropriate criterion for judging people as evil and immoral while good sticking to the a la mode(predicate) norms of behavior of the time and the moral sentiments cannot be a correct measure for estimating a character as good. He also compares the situation of a so-called good person to an acto r who plays games and acts out roles by changing appearances and thus is a deceiver and a pretender. This is the great deconstruction of social ideologies perfectly done by Restoration comedies such as The School for Scandal.

Defining Mills Harm Principle Philosophy Essay

Defining Mills Harm Principle Philosophy EssayThe only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent ruin to others. John Stuart Mill. The above sentence has been the unitary significant rationale as asseverate by Mill in his famous On Liberty, commonly called the abuse principle. Harm, in his context, means only direct ravish, by means of actions and inaction, onto others. Harm that one done to others by harming himself does not count unless one has failed to fulfil some specific and concrete obligation that ought to be done initially. Interference should not be placed on someone as long as the things done do not harm others. Legal penalties and sanctions can only be reassert if they are imposed to prevent harm to others.Mill mentioned that the time where the society or the individual as a whole can impose influences on particular individual liberty is when it is for self-protection. If a person is placing himself in a position that is dangerous solely to him, society has no right to interfere. He believes that all(prenominal) individual is autonomous, nothing can be compelled upon him/her, for his/her own benefit/welfare, as long as the thing done does not impose threats to others even though it is harming himself. This is what Mill meant from Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign1. However, this does not apply to children and some backward states of society, who are not capable to regard care of themselves and to make sensible decisions, such as the undeveloped races.Furthermore, Mill legal opinion that human liberty should encompass first, the inward domain of conscience, and liberty of thought and feeling. Second, the liberty of tastes and pursuits in planning ones own life and lastly, the liberty of individuals in uniting with other consenting collective groups for any purposes which do not harm others. He believed that a good society can only exist through the granting of all the liberties to the people in pursuing their own good lives in their own good ways.2In Mills works, they were inevitably much influenced by his thought on utilitarianism3. Obviously, in which he regarded utility as the ultimate apostrophize on all ethical questionsin the largest sense, grounded on the permanent interests of man4Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, would be the permanent interests of mankind. This can be seen much clearer where he held that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.5What did the legal theorists think?In an influential defence of the harm principle, Raz has challenged on the precept on how the state should promote the well-being of people and in the pursuit of moral ideas, how far, the state in coercing the society should be determined by the harm principle. He suggested that it is a perfectionist ideal which presuppos es specific moral conceptions which are not indifferent towards criteria of moral charge or moral virtue6.Also, as we have seen, Mill ruled out the compulsion and control of the state to prevent harmless wrongdoing although that could be what the state think is in the best interest of the society in obtaining pleasures and happiness. By acting as a guiding principle in toll of political restraint, this will not lead Raz to non-perfectionist position7.Raz supported Mills harm principle not by his utilitarian path, but by the self-reliance principle. He claimed that the autonomy principle is an important ingredient for the state to pursue a moral good and to promote a good life for the citizens in such societies. Autonomous life is valuable only if it is spent in the pursuit of acceptable and valuable projects and relationships.8Ultimately, Razs central claim is to defend the harm principle through the principle of autonomy for one simple reason The means used, coercive interferenc e, violates the autonomy of its victim because it violates the condition of freedom and expresses a relation of mastery and an attitude of disrespect for the coerced individual and, coercion by criminal penalties is a global and indiscriminate invasion of autonomy.9To complete a personal autonomy, condition of independence10must be present, too. Slavery, moral censorship, sale of contraceptives11, etc could be the more common examples.Dan-Cohen has also come out with a similar structure of Razs arguments on the harm principle but a rather more different and inconsistent conclusion, in which he focused more on criminal law. He suggested that the harm principle should be replaced by the dignity principle12because dignity demands that our actions, practices, and institutions convey an attitude of respect to people.13He has made a hypothetical example of quick slavery in contradicting with Razs argument on the independence is part and parcel of autonomy but his point is, a dignity pri nciple altogether self-sustaining of autonomy.14

Bilingual Education Essay -- A Level Essays

Bilingual EducationBilingual raising has been a politicized topic of debate for years. There are many whom support bilingual culture being incorporated into students curriculums while others are adamant that it should not be a part of the classroom. Those that are opponents of bilingual education seem to fear the idea of students being exposed to a second language or becoming proficient in two languages. Bilingual education has many dimensions and definitions, which can cause some confusion, but the benefits of its inclusion into students curriculum are irrefutable. What Is Bilingual Education and How Did It Come About? An embrace definition of the term bilingual education is,The use of two languages, one of which is English, as mediums of instruction for the same pupil population in a well-organized program, which encompasses all, or part of the curriculum and includes the study of the history and culture associated with the mother tongue. A complete program develops and maint ains the childrens self-esteem and a legitimate pride in both cultures. (Blanco 1977, p.123).Bilingual Education began in the United States in the mid- 60s. The time that the bilingual movement started coincided with the height of the civil-rights movement for African Americans. During this time thither was a great outcry from Latino activist that protested against discrimination that led to a high drop out rate for Spanish speaking students. In 1968 congress approved a bill to aide in equal education opportunities, this was the Bilingual Education Act. Its intentions were merely to help Limited English safe (LEP) students become literate in English, today goals of Bilingual education have advanced (Porter 2003). On... ...al.org. April 29, 2003.Bilingual education/Limited English proficient students National stub for Educational Statistics. www.nces.edgov. April 18, 2003.Blake, P (ND). A Summary of Prop. 227 Second Language Acquisition University of California Davis Institute. www.secondlanguageacquisition.com. April 23, 2003. U.S. Department of Education (1995). Model Strategies in Bilingual Education professed(prenominal) Development Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Language Affairs. http//www.ed.gov/pubs/ModStrat/. April 28, 2003. Magazine ArticlePorter, R. (ND). The case against Bilingual education The Atlantic Online. www.theatlantic.com. April 23, 2003.Zehr, M. (2003). New Arizona straits clamps down on Bilingual rules Education Week.http//www.edweek.org/ew/ewstory.cfm?slug=24arizona.h22&keywords=bilingual%20education. April 28, 2003.

The Unfair Treatment of Women Essay -- No Name Woman Gender Discrimina

The Unfair Treatment of Women My mother has always promoted sisterhood and support for women. ripening up, I was taught that women, although we can do anything we want to do, need a support system, because we are traditionally the underdogs, and we should not accept being treated unfairly. My mother likes to dissever a story about how, when she was a girl, she told her dad that she had decided to become a lawyer when she grew up. In response to her proclamation, my grandfather, an attorney himself, asked, Isnt that an awfully pricey education for a girl? My mother was involved in her education throughout high school. The number of opportunities presented to her while growing up and in her education, however, did not even come close to the number of opportunities presented to her male counterparts. In her yearbook, she is pictured among the Future Teachers of America, the only organization offered in her high school that relates to furthering the education of its newfangled female students. The male students were also able to join that club, as well as Future Farmers of America, Future Lawyers of America, and Future Businessmen of America. She was also the Associated Student personify Treasurerquite a feat, considering that it was unthinkable for a girl to run for President. Girls didnt play sports, they cheered for the guys who did. My mother attended MIT Sloan School for Business, and in her class of 32, there was only one other woman. A certified management accountant with an M.B.A. from MIT, my mom has been rejected from jobs on the basis of her gender. In interviews, shes been told by companies that they assumet want a woman in the position, and that the average matriculation time for women in management was 23 months. My mo... ...tional ways, which her brothers, now among the barbarians, could fumble without detection. So if women had the male monarch to carry on traditional values, then why did they not try to change anything? What privileges did Chinese women have that they wanted to hold on to, even in the United States, where they did not have to tolerate being treated so unequally? I do not know about Chinese culture, and I am sure that there are reasons that such an unfair tradition of gender inequality could have survived for so long, even after the Chinese immigrated to America. However, with the education that I have had, I found it sad and frustrating to read about the acceptance of unjust treatment of women in Chinese culture. Women seemed to hold their take in social status down with their silence and by attacking other women, such as Kingstons aunt, whom they know are not to blame.

Indecisiveness :: essays research papers

Indecisiveness     In the story crossroads, there is a prince who is unable to study decisions for himself. A prince who must have good quality proof in the lead he decides to do something. The public refers to people who cannot make decisions for themselves as people who are undecided. In juncture, the prince of Denmark, Hamlet, is unable to make decisions for himself, and relies on the actions of others to make his final choice on wether to kill his Uncle Claudius or not. Many situations confirm this, such as when Hamlet put on a play, when someone was killed with something placed into the actors ear kill him and making Claudius panic and blow over off. Or when Hamlet says, "Ill have grounds/ more relative than this--the plays the thing/ Wherein Ill catch the conscience of the King" (II.ii.583-585), this suggests that Hamlet is indecisive because he does not have enough information to decide if Claudius is guilty or not. And also in many of Hamle ts soliloquies, Hamlet speaks to himself and questions his testify judgement at many times during the play. All this can lead one to believe that Hamlets fatal flaw was his inability to make a solid choice, or indecisiveness.     Hamlets friend invited a group of traveling actors to come to the court and preform an act for Hamlet to play him up. Hamlet financially supports this group of actors and asks for them to, at the end, have a killing in which a liquid will be placed into the ear of a actor, thus killing him. Hamlet believes this will make Claudius snap and he will have enough proof to kill Claudius. The plan goes as follows and Claudius stands up, shouts for light, and rushes off. Hamlet and his friend Horatio agree that this is enough proof. But still, even after this incident, Hamlet never does anything to capitalize. Because of this incident, where in any other circumstance, Claudius would have no reason to run off, but he did, Hamlet should have bee n convinced that the spectre of his father that spoke to him months before was the ghost of his father, and not the devil.     In act two, scene two, Hamlet says "Ill have grounds/ more relative than this--the plays the thing/ Wherein Ill catch the conscience of the King" (II.ii.583-585), this tells a lot about Hamlet. First off, even though the ghost looked like his father, he would not believe the ghost, fearing the devil may have taken his fathers form.