Radial Ball Bearing Material

Radial Ball Bearing visibleYou are tasked with selecting a literal that is suitable for the eggss in a radiate clustering style such(prenominal) as the whiz shown in Fig. 1. Radial clod bearings although intended generally for radial lashings, will also carry a certain heart and soul of thrust. Ball cypher 1 Ball bearingThe following expatiate are comen in relation to radial lout bearing designYoungs modulus should suffer a minimum of cc GPa.The compressive talent should turn out a value 300 MPa.The freaks must not fail on a lower floor load. It can be assumed that the touch on melodic phrase can be modelled for a sphere on a flat (see Fig. 1). An assumption should be made that the material for the ball and the raceway are the homogeneous and indeed they drop the same moduli and Poissons ratio has a value of 1/3.The balls should be light.Material selection process. This refers to selecting a material that meets all the constraints and target area downstairs . figure requirementsTable 1 Table of design requirementsFunctionSuitable for balls in a radial ball bearingConstraintsYoungs modulus must be great than two hundred Gpa.Compressive speciality should not have a value of slight than 300Mpa.(Assumption)Moduli and Poissons ratio being the same (ratio of ).ObjectivesThe balls must not fail nether load, contact should be modelled for a sphere on a flat.The balls should be light.Free variablesCross sectional areaMaterial choice pack of ballBelow is a figure of all materials with a robotlike airplane propeller (Youngs modulus great than 200Gpa and Compressive force play greater than 300Mps) against densitySeen under is a table of the materials and their comparable Youngs modulus.Table 2 Table of materialsNameYoungs modulus (GPa) wolfram carbides625 700Boron carbide440 472 te carbide cd 460Alumina343 390Tungsten alloys310 380aluminum nitride302 348 te nitride290 318 zirconium dioxide200 250Nickel-establish super alloys150 2 45Nickel-chromium alloys200 220Nickelxcl 220Low alloy brace205 217Medium carbon stain200 216Low carbon nerve200 215High carbon steel200 215Stainless(prenominal)(prenominal) steel 210Although seen above, 16 values have passed the requirements so far, further analysis will be conducted, and this can be seen belowThe below table illustrates the materials that meet the design requirements, the table is ranked based on Youngs modulus, from highest modulus to lowest. The Compressive military strength of the material must also be considered, a minimum compressive strength of 300MPa must apply.The table below illustrates each materials Youngs modulus and corresponding compressive strength.Table 3 Materials with Youngs modulus and compressive strengths that meet design requirements (density also noted)NameYoungs modulus (GPa)Compressive strength (MPa)Tungsten carbides625 7003.35e3 6.83e3Boron carbide440 4722.58e3 5.69e3 te carbide400 460690 5.5e3Alumina343 390690 5.5e3Tungs ten alloys310 380555 800Aluminium nitride302 3481.97e3 2.5e3 silicon nitride290 318524 5.5e3Zirconia200 2503.6e3 5.2e3Nickel-based super alloys150 245300 1.9e3Nickel-chromium alloys200 220365 460Nickel190 22070 1e3Low alloy steel205 217400 1.5e3Medium carbon steel200 216305 1.76e3Low carbon steel200 215250 395High carbon steel200 215335 1.16e3Stainless steel189 210170 1e3Below is a bubble chart of Youngs modulus versus compressive strength protrude 2 Bubble chart of Youngs modulus of Compressive strengthThe above figure is on a logarithmic scale. Only materials that have passed the requirements were plotted.When surfaces are dictated in contact they touch at one or a a couple of(prenominal) discrete points. If the surfaces are loaded, the contacts flatten elastically and the contact areas grow until failure of several(prenominal) sort occurs. (Duffy, 2010) Compressive centering causes this. As the requirements state should be modelled as a sphere on a fla t, this allows the student to use following formulae (contact stresses)Figure 3 Sphere on a flat(Duffy, 2010)(Yield Stress) The following is subbed in to produce the below x x x x = = The circle of the sphere must be derived, this is done belowWhere is density and is glitzVolume of a sphere is denoted as m= The student knows the objective is to minimise the mass of the ball, the derivation above is done on that derriere and returns in the equivalence being flipped above.From the material selection power above, the equation can be related in the logarithmic scale = This precedes in This now means the slope can be know to be = 0.222The above value is known as an legions line index lines can be used to compare the practiceance of different materials, and to understand replacement materials. Materials that are on the line will all practise equally puff up in each design. Materials above the line have a higher performance index and will therefore perform better those be low the line have a lower index value. (Edupack, 2006)The below bubble chart illustrates the material selection process utilize the slopeFigure 4 Material selection with material indexAs seen from above, with a material index of 0.222 the following two materials passed (whole designate is within the selection was used)NameIndex slope =0.2222Silicon nitride6.55e101Zirconia1.66e degree CelsiusAs seen from above the materials are both ceramic.An additional chart plotting the materials cost can also be seen belowFigure 5 impairment of selected materialFigure 6 Price of selected material Pass whollyA table of the materials cost can also be seen belowTable 4 Table of costsNamePrice(EUR/kg)Zirconia17.1-24.7Silicon nitride32.3-49.4(i)It has been identified that both Youngs modulus and compressive strength are important material properties when selectin ball bearings, below is a detailed summary of why each property is importantYoungs modulus refers to a materials elastic modulus. This determines the stiffness of a solid material. This is a proportional (constant) between stress as long as stress is less than the yield point. This offsprings in a littler strain with the same stress in a stiffer material. In relation to a ball bearing Youngs modulus of Silicon nitride is about 1.5 propagation that of steel, heart and soul a smaller contact surface is present when there is a high contact pressure. Hertz theory means the maximum load for combination steel- Silicon nitride reduced with 30%.In relation to the contact of the bearing we know it will be a sphere on a flat. The balls within a bearing are going to experience both an axile and radial force. If the force is too great for the material this may result in overrefinement (changing of shape). This affects the ball bearings ability to perform, this can be compared to as a wheel on a car, if it is flat may result in a pulling motion. If severe deformation occurred this may result in the bearing not allowing for rotation. This means that Youngs modulus is important when selecting materials for ball bearings.Youngs modulus numerical representation It is noted from CES EduPack that atomic number 14 nitride is used mostly for ball bearings the Youngs modulus is known to be 290-318 GPa (Edupack, 2006)Compressive strength refers to a materials resistance to compressive stress. This is when a force is applied in an inwards direction in the material. It is opposite to pliable stress. As a ball bearing is going to have one point of contact, (below) compressive strength is an important element in choosing the material. This is due to the radial forces applied when the ball is in the raceway. Once again, if the radial force is greater than the materials compressive strength abilities this will result in deformation. This will affect the bearings performance. Compressive strength can be up to 10 times greater than plastic stress. Ceramic material has a good compressive strength due to mark propagat ion, since there are more internal cracks in ceramics (than most materials) if position under tension cracks will propagate and produce failure where if it is placed under compression it works in the opposite manner.Compressive strength mathematical representation It is noted from CES EduPack that silicon nitride is used mostly for ball bearings the compressive strength is known to be 524-5.5e3 MPa (Edupack, 2006)(ii)The other material properties of Silicon Nitride which lead to brag operating performance can be seen belowGeneral properties denseness3.1e3-3.4e3kg/m3Price*32.3-49.4EUR/kgDate first used1958Mechanical propertiesYoungs modulus290-318GPa cut back modulus*100-128GPaBulk modulus*210-232GPaPoissons ratio0.26-0.28Yield strength (elastic limit)*600-720MPaTensile strength600-720MPaCompressive strength524-5.5e3MPaElongation0% strainHardness Vickers1.4e3-1.6e3HV have on strength at 107 cycles*300-500MPaFracture toughness4-6. 7MPa.m0.5Mechanical prejudice coefficient (tan de lta)*2e-5-5e-5 thermic propertiesMelting point2.39e3-2.5e3CMaximum service temperature1e3-1.2e3C stripped service temperature-272271CThermal conductor or insulator? in effect(p) conductorThermal conductivity22-30W/m.CSpecific heat capacity670-800J/kg.CThermal expansion coefficient3.2-3.6strain/CElectrical propertiesElectrical conductor or insulator?Good insulatorElectrical resistivity1e20-1e21ohm.cmDielectric constant (relative permittivity)7.9-8.1 superabundance factor (dielectric loss tangent)*5e-4-7e-4Dielectric strength (dielectric breakdown)*11-131000000 V/mopthalmic propertiesTransparencyTranslucentRefractive index1.95-2ProcessabilityMoldability2-3Weldability1-2Eco propertiesEmbodied energy, primary production116-128MJ/kgCO2 footprint, primary production4.63-5.12kg/kgRecycleRecycle(Edupack, 2006)The above characteristics result ceramic materials being the optimum material for ball bearingsHigh speed, faster acceleration this is because ceramics are only 40% as dense as steel. However, the material can deliver 30-50% higher data track speeds with reduced skidding and less lubrication needed.Lighter in weight ceramic ball bearings are more rigid to that of steel ball bearings and light in weight. This allows for lower coefficients and a higher overall RPM (rotation per minute)Greater verity since ceramics has 50% higher modulus of elasticity than steel. This means less of a deformation which leads to chill and spindle deflection, this increases components productivity and quality.Reduced friction benefits of this include long-life life, energy efficiency reduced noise levels, less heat and less lubrication needed.Non-conductive materials like Silicon nitride eliminate the pitting and fluting of raceways which ic parking area in electrical motor applications. If steel is used in bearings the electricity could cause magnetic field (EMF) and this could act as a conducted minus the bearings over time. Ceramic materials are immune to EMF, which mean the y perform well even when electricity is present.Corrosion resistance Silicon nitride more potent than steel balls in the presence of liquids such as water or corrosive materials. Corrosion resistance can be enhanced when ceramic balls are used with dry fil, lubricant on the ring and accomplice components.Longer operating life Up to 5 to 10 times longer than standard metal bearings.Higher temperature operation ceramic ball bearings can operate in high temperatures (up to 1,800 F) Less noise and vibration due to a lower coefficient of friction(Ibsco, 2011)The two materials chose were Silicon Nitride and Zirconia. A brief description can be seen below outlining why the individual(a) ceramic is the optimum choiceSilicon NitrideThis material contains high temperature capabilities, meaning it has a low thermal expansion coefficient which gives good thermal alarm resistance compared to other ceramic materials. The material is up to 58% lighter than steel silicon (Carter, 2009). As the material is lighter it means a smaller force is needed to roll the element. The main advantage to this is that silicon nitride can carry similar loads to that of silicon steel with less force needed.ZirconiaZirconia was made for high performance duties such as (atmospheric journeys). This means the material has the highest temperature ability. However, this material has a high thermal expansion (almost like steel) but weighs less so it does not have the same weight saving and thermal shock resistance erect in other ceramic materials. (Carter, 2009)Zirconia is used when low loads are applied or when high temperature capabilities are needed (corrosive too).(iii) porousness refers to a measure of void (empty spaces in a material) and is a fraction of the majority of voids over the total volume between 0% and 100% (Quora, 2003)Technical ceramics do not have exculpated porosity. To achieve porosity manufacturing process must be done (use of additives). This then allows closed and op en pores to be created, ranging from nm to m.Porosity can have various personal effects on the mechanical properties of ceramics (as chosen). The following properties are effectedCompressive strengthDensityFatigueYoungs modulusFracture toughnessShear modulusTensile strength each residual porosity will influence elastic properties and strength. For some materials, the order of magnitude of the modulus of elasticity E decreases with volume fraction perIt is known that porosity affects flexural strength as it reduces cross-sectional area. It also results in pores acting as stress concentrates. (Duffy, 2010)(iv)Below is a completed table for ceramic materials having 20vol% porosity. This is done by using the followingThe below calculation for silicon nitride is done for uncloudedness )= 199.424 GPaWhere is the modulus of elasticity and is the porosity volume.Table 5 Ceramic materials with 20vol%MaterialModulus of Elasticity GPaPorosity at 20vol%E(20%) Porosity GPaSilicon nitirde3040 .2199.424Zirconia2050.2134.48Silicon carbide3450.2226.32Aluminum oxide3930.2257.808Glass-ceramic1200.278.72Mullite1450.295.12Spinel2600.2170.56Magnesium oxide2250.2147.6 fused silica730.247.888Soda-lime glass690.245.264As seen from the above, silicon nitride is the ceramic material resulting in a modulus of elasticity when having a porosity volume of 20%.ReferencesCarter, 2009. Carter. Online Available at http//www.carterbearings.co.uk/unasis/hybrid-and-ceramic-bearings/ceramic-matericals-and-their-properties-part-2/Accessed Saturday Feburary 2017.Duffy, J., 2010. Moodle. Online Available at http//moodle.itb.ie/pluginfile.php/115304/mod_resource/content/0/CES%20EduPack%20-%20USEFUL%20SOLUTIONS%20to%20COMMON%20PROBLEMS%202008%20-%2001Jan13.pdfAccessed Wednesday Feburary 2017.Edupack, C., 2006. s.l. s.n.Ibsco, 2011. Ibsco. Online Available at http//www.ibsco.com/ceramic-ball-bearings.phpAccessed Saturday Feburary 2017.Quora, 2003. Quora. Online Available at 2017Accessed Wednesday Febu rary 2017.

Preformulation Studies: Analysis of Honey

Preformulation Studies Analysis of Honey experimental workPreformulation studiesAnalysis of honeyMaterialsMaterials selected for the analysis of honey were procured from College of Pharmacy, IPS Academy, and Indore. Samples of Honey (Dabur honey) of unalike batches were selected and analysed where (n=3).Parameters studiedSensory evaluationForeign matterAsh apprizepHRefractive indexMoisture marrowAcidity standardized procedure was followed for the analysis of different samples of honey.Determination of gookFor determination of max, derivation resolve of drug (concentration deoxycytidine monophosphate0g/mL) in water was nimble by dissolving 10 mg curcumin in 10 mL of distilled water .The working solutions in the concentration area of 2-10 g/mL were inclined(p). Resulting solutions were scanned in the range of 400 to 800 nm with help of UV-visible spectrophotometer, and the maximum wavelength was determined. The max of curcumin was found to be 420 nm. provision of Calibration Curve by UV-visible spectroscopic analysisA. Preparation of Calibration Curve in distilled water The stock solution of curcumin was disposed(p) by dissolving 10 mg of curcumin in 10 mL wood spirit to produce concentration of atomic number 60g/mL.Preparation of standard solutions Standard solutions were lively in the concentration range of 2-10g/mL by suitable dilutions of the stock solution in methanol and absorbance were interpreted at 420nm in visible spectrum (Shimadzu 1800).B. Calibration curve in PBS 6.8Preparation of stock solution The stock solution of curcumin was prepared by dissolving 10 mg of curcumin in 10 mL Phosphate Buffer Saline to produce concentration of 1000g/mL.Preparation of standard solutions Standard solutions were prepared in the concentration range of 2-10g/mL by suitable dilutions of the stock solution in PBS 6.8 and absorbance were taken at 420 nm in visible spectrum (Shimadzu 1800). training and optimization of gelMaterialsCarbopol 934p NF, triethanol amine, honey, glycerin, methyl and propyl Parabens and all other chemicals were procured from college of drugstore IPS Academy, Indore are of analytical grade and used without further purification.Curcumin were procured as a gift sample from Ajmera Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Indore, India.Preparation of gelThe topical gel was prepared by soaking the Carbopol 934 in water for 24 h. Drug was for the first season dispersed in small quantity of glycerin with gentle rut and then preservatives were dissolved in glycerin and then added to Carbopol solution with breathing in the remaining ingredients were added to it and triethanolamine was added to the neutralize the Carbopol gel rack.Preparation of topical gel baseComposition for the medicated formulationEvaluation of gel formulationpHThe pH of prepared gel formulation was determined by using digital ph meter. 1 g of gel was dissolved in 100 mL freshly prepared distilled water and stored it for 2 hours. The measurement of pH of each formulation was done in triplicate and average value were calculated.ViscosityBrookfield digital viscometer was used to measure the viscosity of prepared gel. The T shaped spindle was selected (T3) was rotated different ppm range. The reading, near to 100% torque was renowned down. A sample was measured at 301C.SpreadabilitySpreadability was determined by wooden block and glass playground seashore apparatus. Weight of about 2 g was selected and added to the pan and the time was noted for upper slide to separate completely from the fixed slide.Spreadability was calculated by the given formulaS= M.L/TWhereS= SpreadabilityM= angle tied to the movable upper slideL= length of a glass slideT= time taken to separate the slide completely from each other.HomogeneityAll the formulations were experimented for this parameter by visual inspection after the gel have been set in the container. They are observed for any aggregation or their appearance.Drug contentA specific quantity of gel ge nerally 1 g of gel was taken and dissolved completely in 100 ml of phosphate buffer 6.8. The volumetric flask containing gel was shaked for 2 h on a mechanical shaker in order to get out identical solution. The solution was filtered by 0.45m membrane filter and estimated spectrophotometrically at 420nm using phosphate buffer 6.8 as a blank solution.Invitro drum out profileIn- vitro release studies was performed by using a diffusion electric cellular phone with a sensory receptor compartment capacity of about 20 ml. the egg membrane was mounted between the donor and receptor compartment of the assembly.The formulated preparedness was cargo up to 1g was placed over the membrane and the receptor compartment of the diffusion cell was filled with phosphate buffer 6.8. the whole assembly was fixed on magnetic stirrer, and the solution in the receptor compartment was constantly and continuously stimulated using magnetic beads at 50 rpm and the temperature was hold at 370.50 C the samples of 1 ml was withdrawn at time interval of 15, 30, .60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 min., analysed for drug content spectrophotometrically at 420nm against blank. The receptor compartment was replaced with an equal volume of phosphate buffer at each time of the sample withdrawn. The cumulative graph was plotted against time.Determination of antimicrobial performancePreparation of inoculumsFor evaluation of antibacterial activity, 24 hours fresh culture of bacteria was suspended in sterile water to obtain a reproducible suspension of microorganism.Determination of zone of inhibitionAntibacterial activity is chequered by agar well diffusion method. in this method a previously liquefied specialty was inoculated with 0.2ml of bacterial suspension having a uniform turbidity at temperature of 40C. 20 ml of culture medium was poured into the sterile petri dish having a internal diameter of 8.5 cm. care was taken for the uniform thickness of the layer of medium in d ifferent plates. subsequently complete solidification of liquefied inoculated medium, the wells were made aseptically with cork stone drill having 6mm diameter. In each of the plates gel solution was placed carefully. Plates was kept for pre-diffusion for 30 min. after that plates were incubated at 37 C for 24 hr. after incubation period was over, the zone of inhibition was measured with the help of Hi-media.Stability studiesIt is the closely important component of any formulation the acceptance and the rejection of the particular preparation depends on this study. The international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines titled constancy interrogation of new drug substance and product (QIA) defines the stability test requirement for drug requirement for drug registration application in the European, USA and Japan.Long term stability testing 25 2 C /60 % RH 5 % for 12 months.Accelerated testing 40 2 C / 75 % RH 5%for 6 months.Stability studies were carried out at 40 2 C /75 5 % RH for the selected formulation for one month.

Examining Perfectly Competitive And Monopoly And Oligopoly

Examining Perfectly Competitive And Monopoly And OligopolyFor the ca function of enlarging our companionship of Economics, we did this assignment. There argon three main parts in it. They argon Perfectly agonistic, Monopoly and Oligopoly, which be really outstanding in Economics. But not simple to learn in Economics study. The questions need us to incur graphs and use calculations for them. These questions would help us sire a better brain of them.Finding1.A number of food markets argon developing on the Internet. One of those market is eBay. Check out eBay at www.eBay.com and explain whether you believe that the eBay Internet auction sale market is abruptly warring. Be sure to explain which of the six conditions of a perfectly competitive market are met and how.A eBay is an online auction Website. Consumers use the Internet to research the goods they desire, then they look for bargains of the same products on eBay. If the products are available, a bid is entered and the winner of the auction eventually pays with her credit card. In addition to regular mail, v blockors besides use express-mail service to vent the purchases to buyers if they claim that option. eBay is different from Amazon.com, another popular e-commerce Website, in that damages on eBay are set by the negotiation amid bidders and sellers, whereas Amazon.coms prices are intimatelyly ascertaind by sellers. It is homogeneously to Taobao, which is a well- noticen shopping website in China. ( http//baike.baidu.com/ tantrum/7777.html?wtp=tt, 2010)I believe that the eBay Internet auction market is perfectly competitive. Because it be in possession of these four characteristics There must be many and sellers in the market, no(prenominal) of whom is large enough to influence price. eBay motivation kinds of sellers to satisfied distinct petitions in goods of consumers. No big firms control microscopical firms.There is freedom of accounting main course to and exit from the lab or. Firms must be able to establish themselves in the industry easily and quickly. eBay sellers house main course and exit the business depend on their wishes. Buyers and sellers posses perfect knowledge of prices. They know the market and price well. They gain oodles of information most that. All firms produce a homogeneous product. For example, in that location are many sellers in eBay have the same product, you t anointet choose one base on service or else. Marcouse, 2008)Perfect arguing requires that the following six conditions be fulfilled. In such a market, prices would commonly move instantaneously to economic equilibrium.AtomicityAn atomistic market have small producers and consumers on a constituten market, so that its actions have no important impact on others. Firms are price takers, which means that the market decide the price that they must choose.HomogeneityGoods and services can substitute perfectly, so all firms sell the same product. There is no differenc e.Perfect and carry out informationAll firms and consumers understand the prices decide by the whole firms. suitable accessAll firms have entryed to t crude oil technology. If they wanted, they could free to entry or leave.Individual buyers and sellers act independentlyThe market cannot have scope for buyers or sellers get together to have a overall view about the market price. (http//www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Perfect-competitionRequirements, 2010)Draw marginal revenuemarginal terms and average total monetary value curves for a typical perfectly competitive firm and establish the pay-maximising direct of output and total pro fit out or exhalation for that firm. Is the firm in long- transcend equilibrium? why or why not?Figure1This is a typical perfectly competitive firm firm graph. It is loss.Figure 2Yes. It is long-run equilibrium. Because there is a point that LRAC line, ATC line, MC line and MR line intersect.The joined States Federal communication hypothesis Comm ission (FCC) regulates interstate and international communications, including merger activity within industry. Go to the FCC website at www.fcc.gov and search communication companies and wait on the following questionsWhat reasons do consumers and producers have for opposing the merger?What reasons do consumers and producers have for supporting the merger?Does the theory of a monopolist discussed in class and the textual matter support the reasons tell in your answers to a and b?A a).1.A monopolist charges a higher(prenominal) price and produces less output than a perfectly competitive firm.2.Consumers have less choice, because one product only be produced bu one firm.3.High barriers to entry means other firms cannot enter the market.4.Governments can earn heavily tax revenue through monopolies.5.Governments can nationalise the monopoly ( puzzle it public) and therefore can keep prices also high. 6.Government can decline entry barriers (which is not good for the monopolistic f irm).7.The prudence may suffer as less consumer spending may make pass because of high prices charged by monopolistic firms.8.Exploitation of consumer price discrimination9.Potential for inefficiency self-satisfaction over controls on production10. speak tos because there is no competition11.May deficiency motivation and innovation because there is no competitionTo sum up, these 11 disadvantages of monopoly. Consumers and producers have for opposing the merger for their declare realise.(Marcouse, 2008)b). 1.A monopoly may produce at a lower be than a competitive industry. This is due to economies of scale, which a monopoly is able to exploit more than a competitive firm, as the monopoly is the touch on provider of that good. The ability to set prices at a higher direct in order to gain an abnormal profit. However, monopolistic firms are not simply able to charge a price they deem fit for the product, since it is constrained by its demand curve. A higher price result res ult in a fall in demand, and that may later lead to a fall in revenue (depending on elasticity). The legal age of monopolies are belonging to government, so tax will be higher. It can give more money to perfect public goods.Consumers may like price discrimination as it could be in their favour.There can be more control and stability in an industry if a monopoly is present. If it is a natural monopoly, it would be suitable an necessary.Encourages spending on RD which may create better products.Some products and services are not probable to be produced without some guarantee of monopoly protection.Economies of scale can be gained consumer may benefit from a lower costIn conclusion, consumers and producers supporting it, because of these some(prenominal) advantages.c). In general, I think monopolist discussed in class and textbook support the reasons stated in my answers to a.Because from a and b we can know disadvantages of monopoly are greater than advantages. It harms consumers through charging a higher price and producing a lower quantity than would be the case in a perfectly competitive situation.And a monopolist is inefficient because resources are under distri scarcelyed to the production of its product.( Smith, 2010Draw demand, marginal revenue, marginal cost and average total cost curves for a typical monopolistic firm and indicate the profit-maximising level of output and total profit or loss for that firm. Is the firm in long-run equilibrium? Why or why not? How does the profit-maximising position differ from that of a perfectly competitive firm?A This is a typical monolistic graph. It is a loss.Monopolist can make a profit in the long-run. If the position of a monopolists demand and cost curves give it a profit and nothing disturbs these curves, it can make a profit in long-run. But there is no need to distinguish between the short(p) run and long run for a monopolist.- a monopolist can make a profit in the short run and long run.- it can make a loss in the short run and long run.Smith, 2010From these two graphs we can see, the Demand and Marginal cost curves of the monopolist are downward sloping. In perfect competition they are horizontal. But the maximizes net point are the same, when MC=MR.(graphs from Smiths PPT, 2010)OligopolyThe organization of the oil export Countries (OPEC) is an international cartel. Go to its home page at www.opec.org to answer the following questionsWhat are OPECs objectives of OPFC? How does it meet those objectives?What countries are members of OPEC? What percentage of populace oil production comes from these nations? In what way is OPEC a cartel?What significant oil-exporting countries are not members? What has OPEC done to limit the effect of nonmember production on its own pricing decisions?Aa)1.In accordance with its Statute, the mission of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is to coordinate and unify the crude oil policies of its Member Countries and ensur e the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular bring home the bacon of oil color to consumers, a steady income to producers and a pretty return on metropolis for those investing in the vegetable oil industry.OPECs objective is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member Countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry.In a word, OPEC organization is assorting with members oil policy, and unify them. Then decide to use the most suitable way to protect their own or personally benefit. (http//www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/23.htm, http//www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/24.htm,http//baike.baidu.com/view/24477.htm?fr=ala0_1, 2010)(1)The member countries delegates of OPEC in the OPEC meeting try unity of oil policy. And contribute to prosper the oil market.Thes e countries aim at the international situation and marketing trends of oil. They have a discussion and epitome to decide the increasing rate of economics. And also control the demand and supply of oil. (http//baike.baidu.com/view/24477.htm?fr=ala0_1, 2010)b) 1. Angola, Algeria, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and the United Arab Emirates.OPEC nations still have 2/3 of the domains oil reserves. In April 2009, 33.3% of the worlds oil production, affording them lots of controlling in the global market. The next largest group of producers, members of the OECD and the Post-Soviet states produced only 23.8% and 14.8%, respectively, of the worlds total oil production.Since 2009, OPEC has logical a production ceiling of 24.84 gazillion barrels per twenty-four hours. At the end of 2008, OPEC had twice reduced the output quota by a total of 4.2 million barrels to 24.8 million barrels per day. In 1996, the members countries have 76.6% of oil, 69 .7% in 2007. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC, http//www.hxen.com/englishnews/world/2010-03-18/103865.html, http//www.qqkqw.com/html/cyclopedia/ziyuanzhanlve/ziyuanxingshi/2010/02/23/152105199.html, 2010)Definition1Cartel is a group of firms officially agreeing to control the price and output of a product.(Smith ,2010)In some markets, producing firms or producing countries band together, usually to restrict supply this allows them to raise prices and increase their profits or revenues the best known cartel is OPEC which restricts the supply of oil onto world world markets.OPEC countries, with less than half of current world output but with most of the worlds oil reserves, manipulate the price of oil by constraining supply.Overall, these evidence proves that OPEC did act as a cartel.(Marcouse, http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPECEconomics,2010)c). 1. The oil-exporting countries which are not memebers also produced great amount. For example, Russia have the second oil produced in barre ls per day, sound less than Saudi Arabia, 9,810,000 bbl a day in 2009. United States are the third, 8,514,00 bbl a day in 2008. China is the fourth, which is 3,795,000 per day in 2008. ( https//www.cia.gov/liabrary/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2173rank.html, 2008)2.OPEC cannot control the international oil market.Draw demand,marginal revenue, marginal cost and average total cost curves for a typical oligopolistic firm and indicate the profit-maximising level of output and total profit or loss for that firm. Explain why prices are stable or sticky in this model. What are the characteristics of oligopoly?This is a typical oligopolistic firm. The graph shows total profit.A1.No bonus for price increases Total Revenue will fallNo incentive for price decreases Total Revenue will fall2.Mutual interdependence is a main characteristic of oligopoly and it may cause prices to be sticky. The market price incline to remain stable, or rigid, at the kink in the demand curve.3.To max imize profits, oligopolistic firms operate where MR = MC.Because of the kinked demand curve, there is a range of MC curves which equal MR at the same price price rigidity.( Smith, 2010)1.Industry dominated by small number of large firms, but many firms may make up the industry mutual interdependence among the large firmsHigh barriers to entryProducts could be highly differentiated each large firm producing a branded productNon-price competition(e.g 4 Ps)Price stability within the market-kinked demand curveKnowledge of market is not perfect,but there is potential for collusion among firms ( Smith, 2010)

Human Development and Behaviour Case Study

Human Development and behavior Case StudyKaitlyn ElliotIn this essay I w spastic date at the different stages of some of the cautiousness service users in the face study and identify their aspects of development and their influences. I will besides start out at their life experiences and how a care worker could understand the behaviour of a care service user in the case study.Seamus who is at his older adulthood stage has multiple sclerosis and has been rattling ill for some time. It is grievous to find meaning of life instead of non wanting to do anything because you are old and odor handle you should non be doing certain things. physically Seamus reaction time is slowing take down because of the loss of brain connections that break down as he gets older. He will find a gradual loss in vim talent and mobility. Having strong muscles is important as they provide the force and strength to move the body so this will affect his posture and walk, and wind to slower movem ent. Having Multiple sclerosis alike influences his physical development much(prenominal) as his vision, balance and sack cause dizziness. This will make it harder for him to do the things he practicely does in life or he possibly has to ask Marie to do it for him. emotionally Seamus will be printing more dependent on others and this could be making him upset or crimson depressed. He will be feeling worthless and cooperateless. These emotions could be influenced by the psychological reaction to MS or the side effects of the drugs he is having to take. He just wants to be treated the same way he was when he wasnt in the older adulthood stage. Stress is a normal part of life for most people and Seamus talent be feeling stressed and upset approximately his daughter be depressed and essay to take her own life, except in addition people with MS progress to to deal with the pressure the condition itself causes. Seamus grandchildren visiting often would be a great pleasure fo r him and make him happy and they withdraw been moved to residential units so he wont get to discipline them. Socialising in the older adulthood stage is important for the stimulant and motivation and may be more confident and experience a hearty life since he has more free time. However, he might struggle to go out because of his condition. Contact with his own children is important however his daughter is in hospital so he might find this hard to keep in contact with her. Cognitive development is also important in the older adulthood as they dont want to feel useless. However, Seamus might take in new information slower than he used to. MS advise also cause memory and idea problems. He might also be unable to find the decline word that he is thinking about. Celebrating familiar culture traditions can be comforting for Seamus and maybe make him happier. Having a sense of belonging to a community is important for him and may help him feel useful in a way and also wanted. bat h is at his adolescence stage in life and is going through a lot of development stages. Physically he is rapidly increasing in growth and weight and he is just starting to hit puberty this means his voice is compound and has a large increase in muscle strength. Peers are very important at this stage and they might be influencing him at aim to not be doing his homework as they dont think its cool plentiful for them. However because John is staying with his grandparents due to changes in family circumstances they do not allow him to have any friends over to socialize with, so this could be effecting his social development in a way that he feels l unrivalledly. John is having a lot of conflict with his grandparents as they do not like loud music and are becoming intolerant of having the children living with them. Emotionally John will be feeling upset and not clear-sighted how to cope with the death of his father or the way his mum is. We can also see he is angry when his sister is put in a different residential unit 50 miles away from the one he is at and that she starts to make new friends and he has already absconded twice. Johns cognitive development is strongly noticed when he questions the views of his grandfather and starts to argue with him when he is trying to help him do his homework. Johns father Fred wanted his children to be doctors but John questions this when his grandfather is pushing him to be one when all he cares about is footballs. Being a part of peer culture is important for basin at his age however with his grandparents being strict and not allowing him to do so is affecting his cultural development.Ola has had a few life experiences in her time one of these being the road casualty where she lost her husband and had to give up working because of her injuries and slack from the accident. The Kubler Ross heartbreak cycle is a conjecture which allows us to understand how grief can impact on Olas life. Ola is currently in the denial an d depression stage of the cycle as she is refusing to accept the facts and reality of the crash and she is also avoiding her own children and family as she may be feeling overwhelmed and helplessness after being admitted to hospital after trying to take her own life.A care worker could understand Johns behaviour by looking at the Carol Rodgers theory, as he believes that people can only finish their potential for growth if they have a positive view about their self and this can only happen if they are precious and reckon by those around them. We can see that John doesnt feel valued or respected by his grandparents as they are not allowing him to have any friends over or even have a social life and just want him to do homework so he does well at school as his dad wanted his kids to be doctors when all John really cares about is football so this shows us he is not able to fulfil his potential for growth. Another theory the care worker could use is Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. This th eory is similar to Rodgers as they both believe that all humans are motivated towards achieving their blanket(a) potential. Maslow stated that People are motivated to achieve certain inevitably and that some ask take precedence over others. Our most basal need is for physical survival, and this will be the first thing that motivates our behaviour. foiled and unmet needs can lead to dysfunctional behaviour. John isnt achieving the belongingness and love needs as he has lost his dad, his mum is refusing to see him and his grandparents are fight to cope with him and his sister so moved them to residential units which has angered john and caused him to lash out. So this could be another way a care user could try to understand why johns behaviour is the way it is and help support him through his difficulties.ReferencesSFEU (2007) National Qualifications Phycology for Care Intermediate 2www.simplypyschology.org

Procurement Route Selection and Analysis

procurance Route Selection and abbreviationThe purpose of this report is to label the procural driveways of construct a new auditorium with laid-back particular propositionation technology for Heriot Watt University. The report includes defining several procurance roadways, determining the recommended procurance route for this task. This report in like manner covers the evaluation of influence factors and the authority benefits for adopting the recommended procural route.BackgroundHeriot Watt University (HWU) is planning to trope a new auditorium at the actual grass land next to HWUs park with the land sphere of approximately 1500m2. The proposed auditorium is wholeness storey with mezzanine floor with total 1950m2 raw floor argona.The trainment and the need for auditorium shall be perfect for conferences, lectures and presentations, includes the facilities as by-line200 homelike tiered seats,high specification technology,mul measuredia theatre of operations wit h air conditioning,full size interactive screen and computer determined presentation facilities,In view of the HWU top attention has decided to earn a new auditorium, the juttings procurance outline has to be formed for give the optimum balance of peril, pick up and funding for this objectify.2.0 procurance StrategyProcurement is the amalgam of activities reducen by the guest to obtain a expression (BPS, second Edition, 1990). The ends procurance strategy is established for discover the most appropriate focusing of achieving the go outs objectives and the value for m championy. The key steps in go throughing the procurance strategy as following-Finding out the real needs for the auditorium project and the projects objectivesAnalysis the procural routes for the auditorium projectEvaluating the procurance strategy and the influence factorsImplement procurement strategy and plan team take awayion and take in chargeor plectrum for the projectFinal handover for operation and review successfulness of the projectThere argon many factors argon able to influence on procurement strategy and subsequently influence on the selection of procurement route. We have listed complicate some most important factors for top guidance to moot for the procurement route.The project objectives and the clients capabilitiesHWU with a history dating back to 1821, has established one of the top UK universities. The objectives of the project be to build a new comfortable auditorium with high technology and to be able to complete within the make up limit, to the required fictional character and within the time constraints.In view of HWU is not a regular developer of whole works, the gamble to HWU for this auditorium project shall be minimized. The HWU shall be the single point of contact and indebtedness for the project during externalise and verbal expression and in the event of the building failure.During the design grade, our HWU top management woul d like to implement their interests and reliable ideas into the project. The high specification technology with special equipments would like to require some changes to the design due to the unable fixed cases. guess managementRisk management is critically important to project success. It involves identifying and assessing run a risk, assigning the rightfulness risk owners and continually managing, monitoring and reporting on key risks. (OGC03, 2007)In redact to determine the most suited procurement route, the necessary comparison of varies procurement routes such as tralatitious Route, formulate variant route, direction Contracting Route Construction Management Route, etc get out be done. chosen of any route will have its own risks. When the procurement route is determined, the specific key risks, that HWU adopts, must be managed efficiently.The redact ConstraintsThe constraints of the project atomic number 18 that avower is able to consider the possible impact on n eighbouring buildings and the potential concerns of the neighbours. They shall apply for a new entrance and temporary access to the structure site to minimize the impact to campus. The temporary access shall be reinstated to original.The ring pollution during the day time shall be limited in 75 dBA and in 55 dBA during night time.In order to raise the Environmental, wellness and safety standard for this project, we have proposed to use the precast components for column, slab and staircase. The consideration and toleration of precast components is not only greatly simplified the construction ecological succession but as well as help to reduce construction wastage with such practices.an otherwise(prenominal) consideration of reduce potential environmental impact is to adopt the inner(a) drywall partition. Interior drywall is widely used in the commercial sector to build staffs offices.With consider the above factors, the procurement strategy shall be based on the following princ iples and guidelines-The design should be fully meet the project objectives.The project should be based on a firmed price and limited time to construct. The auditorium must ready for operation by End of 2013 for the new wasting disease in Jan 2014.The contract award should be based on the companys skill and capability instead of lowest price.Selection of contractile organ intends low risk to HWU.3.0 Procurement route selection and analysisOnce the procurement strategy has been formed, the procurement route then pot be selected with consider the clients specific requirement and how the clients risks will be minimized.Various procurement routes have emerged to identify the procurement systems in current use, some more advanced procurement practices are often used currently as shown in interpret 2.Traditional Procurement RoutesThe handed-down procurement consists of the tearment of designer consultants by client before call for cranky, and the bear downment of a contractor on the other side after afflictive. The construction project is managed by HWUs project management with no concurrent sequence works that have to top by following each other as brief, design, fractiousing construction.The traditional procurement route is varies in Traditional Sequential route and Traditional speed route. Traditional Sequential route means the Contractors bid will be submitted based on the consummate design documents and completed ships boat court documents as normal. Traditional Accelerated route has requested the client to shoot the contractor earlier on the basis of partial information by negotiation or in competition. The contractor is able to be gnarly in the project as betimes as possible. The contractors experience, knowledge and existing materials and equipments give the bounce be considered in the final design.Design Build Procurement RoutesThe DB procurement route has changed the traditional sequence of work. It requires HWU to develop the tender documents that will send to possible contractors for go away and return their design plan and relevant terms. DB has met the clients intend for a single-point of responsibility in an set out to reduce clients risks and stop the overall costs.DB is allowed the design and construction works concurrently to reduce the total project time when compared with traditional routes. DB is as well firmed the overall price prior to construction with low cost risk, so that HWU will not necessary to expend commodious resources to closure elaboration.DB is varies in several types such as Turnkey, Package deal, Design build, contract construct.Turnkey is adopted the DBs principles and extended the contractors responsibility to include the committee and fit-out of facility, that same as EPC (engineering, production construction). The contractor has been placed with responsibility, risk and might and the client has the least risk in all procurement routes.Develop Construct is adopted DB with two-stage tendering and novation for give the client greater control over both design and cost. The client will has the higher risk among DB routes. resuscitate to Figure 3 Risk distribution among DB routesManagement Procurement RoutesConstruction management is a construction managing director who constitute by client to advise the client on a fee basis. The client has to involve into contracts with numerous contractors that requested the client is experienced and has to be totally involved with faster response to decisions. Construction management is normally suitable for complex building project.Management catching apprize be defined as a management contractor appointed by client will advise client on the platform and buildability. It requires the client a good whole step brief and relies on a good quality project team. There are higher risk on the uncertain actual cost and total construction duration when compare with DB route. See below Figure 4 Risk analysis bet ween Client Contractor.Other Procurement RoutesThere are other aspects of procurement routes such as Prime contracting, Partnering, Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), etc.Partnering is a procurement philosophy that will ensure the cooperating working between client and contractor and the problems can be solved over adversarial attitudes and practices.Partnering, Prime contracting and PPP procurement routes are mostly suitable for major and huge projects. In view of build the auditorium is a small project, it is recommended that these complex procurement routes are unsuitable or unnecessary.Procurement Route SelectionIn view of build a new auditorium is able to consider as a straightforward small project, we suggest that the Design Build procurement route shall be adopted.DB procurement route has considered and minimized the clients risk. Refer to the Figure 5 Summary of Client Risk in distribute Procurement Routes.The client has to lift to loss control for the project and to avo id a very high price rate, the Turnkey and Pachage deal are not recommended for adoption in this project. Hence, we are suggesting to adopt the Design and Build to this project.DB is a more refined form of a pile deal which obtained recognition from the JCT in 1981 with the publication of the JCT Standard Form of build Contract with Contractors Design (CD 81). Figure 6 is shown the procedure of DB project.By chosen the DB procurement route, HWU knows the total financial commitment primaeval in the projects life, and also knows that HWU does not introduce changes during the course of the works. DB has apprised the direct negotiation and contact way between the client and the contractor. This has improve the communication lines and enabled the contractor not only to fully respond for the contract but also to adapt more promptly to meet the clients needs.The contractor is responsible for the whole of the design and construction of the building. Responsibilities are not expose betw een designer and builder so that the client finds himself looking to divorce parties in the event of a building failure. (BPS, second Edition, 1990)4.0 The Advantages and Potential benefits of DB routeWhen the DB procurement route is chosen for the project, HWU starts out on a path to success by adherence to the objectives, time, cost and quality requirements of the project.Wider Choice of DesignBy invited three or more contractors to tender for this project, different with the traditional route, more designers will provide wider idea and design intend, HWU has the wider choice to select the best design that has fully understood and achieved the project objectives. Before HWU top management have decision to choose the contractor, they can input their concerns and comments to the design rather than request changes during construction stage. When both HWU and contractor agree with the amendment, the contract is ready to award accordingly.Time Cost conservationDB saves time and cost for the client, HWU, when it is providing the opport unit of measurementy to achieve innovation in the delivered facility. Time and cost nest egg result from the ability of the design-build team to fast-track the project by overlapping the design and construction phases of the schedule. Because the HWU does not need to provide a full set of biddable construction documents, cost savings are also associated with design.Reduced Risk with lesser involvementDB allows the client, HWU, to avoid being placed directly between the architect/engineers and the contractor. HWU does not take on significant risk because of avoid the position on direct involvement.Even more importantly, the contractor will take the responsibility for design errors and omissions under DB route, and HWU is able to relive the major sub judice and managerial responsibilities. From HWUs view, the DB is a tool to fix many problems associated with the traditional route of contracting for design and construction separat ely and sequentially.We have also compared the procurement routes as shown in Figure 7.5.0 The disadvantages of DB routeA disadvantage of DB is that the contractor whitethorn use an existing building system or modular building form so that the contractor can reduce design time and save their own design fee, may lack aesthetic appeal. By chosen the DB procurement route, HWU is able to be advised of some serious failures among building systems and shall undertake careful research before award the contract.There is no self-sufficing architect and consultants to advice and to protect HWUs interests, is another disadvantage of DB route. In order to avoid a blind monitoring, HWU can employ an agent to carry through this role on behalf. The agent shall supervise the works from brief, tender stage to design and construction stage, until handover the completed project to HWU, to make sure that the contractors proposal and works are complied with the required objectives and standard.Next, once HWU issued the contract, it will be pricy for HWU to change the design, materials or works. HWU has to finalize the requirement before the tender and has to eventually amend and confirm contractors proposal before sign the contract.Finally, HWU shall be aware of the responsibility for high quality risk. Some contractors concern with simplifying construction activities are able to lead to a reduction in design quality, as a result, it makes design and build inappropriate for this project in which high specification technology is required. Hence, HWU shall write clearly into the brief for the quality requirements.6.0 The alternating(a) Procurement RouteIn case of the client has more concern on the cost control and changes of design and function, we have propose the Traditional Accelerated route as the choice procurement route.As mentioned early in clause 3.1, Traditional Accelerated route has allowed the client to appoint the contractor earlier on the basis of partial informat ion by negotiation or in competition.The two-stage tendering will be used to appoint a contractor as early as possible to the project. During the beginning(a) tender stage, the design may not be completed and the tenderers will submit a price based on the available information. Until the 2nd tender stage, the additional design information will ready and the packages are finally priced. The client may comprise negotiation with the contractor (winning tender from 1st stage). When the price agreed, the client can award of the contract as traditional lump sum contract to contractor for commence the works.By compare with the traditional single-stage tendering, the benefit of Traditional Accelerated route to the client areShorten the tender period and quicker start on site worksDesign stage can extend to construction period, may not requested to complete for tender package.By select the Nominated Sub-contractor, the quality is able to control by the client.The contractor can consider the ir experience to the design and their existing or extra resources to this project, that they may have a lower price package.The traditional accelerated route is suitable for our client who is not required much experience and the quality and buildability may also achieve the requirement.The client has to consider the risks during 2nd tender stage that the contractor may not meet the clients requirement. This can be resolved by spend more time to get alternative contractor involve and seek the agreement.7.0 Demonstration of procurementResearches on Selecting Project Delivery Systems found that DB projects are delivered 33.5% faster than projects that are knowing and built under separate parties. The researches also showed that DB project are constructed 12% faster for construction stage and have a unit cost that is 6.1% lower than traditional projects. (PDS 1998)8.0 ConclusionThe Design and Build is the recommended procurement route to HWU for this auditorium project. In order to ach ieve HWUs expectations and vision of delivery of the project, HWU is also to be an integral part of the design process. A well completed auditorium project with DB route will include HWU in the initial design process of programming and schematic design, and will include HWUs involvement not only in design stage meetings but also in the further interim reviews of the design, construction, functionality and even aesthetics at divers(a) steps along the design and construction process.DB has its ability to consider all relevant factors that would influence the desirability of the project. The best value selection of DB procurement route provides for the consideration of both cost, time and other more subjective factors such as project management, quality control and team reputation.

Calculators Essays -- Essays Papers

Calculators Calculators in the Classroom As the world changes and grows, much things are created to make good deals everyday lives easier. One barb that basin be put ond in direct to help facilitate math is the estimator. This technology allows students to persona a auto to obtain answers sort of of using PPA (Paper and draw Arithmetic). Like any technology, there is fear on how to best use it to help facilitate growth in students. If the calculating mechanism is used right on in the classroom, it can be a beneficial neb for pupils. The calculator enables students to concentrate on math instead of focusing on ho-hum tasks that are not used in everyday life such as long division. If the calculator call ons a tool that elementary students use more often in the classroom, it will only help them become better students of mathematics over time. One of the many things that prevent the calculator from being more widely used in the elementary school are the many negative myths about calculators and how they adversely affect students in elementary schools. One belief that is held by many parents and teachers is that calculators hinder students susceptibility to grow as thinkers. People believe that the calculator is doing the work instead of the students. This idea is absurd. Pupils need to push the buttons on the machine and in the position order to come up with the right answer (Lambdin, Lindquist, Reys, Smith & Suydam, 2001). In fact the calculator enables the student to use more of their intellect because the machine allows the student to free itself from performing arduous tasks which allows the student to focus on how he or she obtained the answer (Lambdin et al, 2001). Another impediment to using ca... ...ad to be done so the results would be precise. This one experiment involving a tool of mathematics integrated science and math. This is just one way that the calculators can be used to benefit elementary students. If the calculator is used properly in the classroom, it can be a great tool that benefits students and teachers. This machine allows teachers to focus on other school subjects that they would have spent on teaching aspects of mathematics that are no longer used today. The tool is beneficial to the pupil because if it is used properly, it allows the student to spend time on how they came to answer instead of reaching the answer and leaving class because time ran out. As teachers and students use the calculator on regular basis, more people will see that in fact it is a tool that is needful for the student to grow and not a hindrance.

Egyptian Society :: essays research papers

Egyptian SocietyThe Egyptian nightspot, with all(a) its complex piece of writing and monuments, was comparable any other if you understand the hieroglyphics. In this essay, I will report to my government how the Egyptian writing and scribes touched the Egyptian life and government.The Egyptian writing material engaged was stone and papyrus. It was partd to inscribe writing in the big monuments known as pharaohs. The word pharaohs meant a form of title great house. The writing in these monuments was called hieroglyphics which meant priest writing in ancient Greece. This writing was on any monument and was there to describe the power that the pharaohs had it also described the whole kit and boodle and accomplishments that each pharaoh had. The writing was also not that easy understood, it wasnt like the writing we use today it was more complex. They did not appear to use words but figures that meant different things. They often had symbols of animals and even other people. The writing was what made the monument.If we were to be able to read fully what this hieroglyphics were it would be truly useful to us. Not useful in a sense to use this information against them, but it would be useful to recognize the people that lived and control Egypt at that time. It would give us a sense of history as to how our world was ruled in past times. In addition, if these writings were to be erased, the impact on the society would be tremendous. Not only would the society loose place as to who was what but they would loose their pasts. Although some index still have memories, they would not have the writings to back up the monuments, the monuments would therefore be useless and they would have no meaning.

The Immigration of Jewish people in USSR Essay -- Politics, Mikhail G

ITRODUCTIONThe Immigration of Jewish people in USSR chthonian Mikhail Gorbachev administration is gener all toldy considered as a response to huge penury of Jews who desperately wanted to leave Soviet Union, and a state insurance towards ethnic minority issues. Historically speaking, anti Semitism was rooted for centuries in Russia. Jews had been prosecuting since tsaristic Russia, and most recently the prosecution reached peak under Stalin administration. People would cerebrate that it was the long existing hostile atmosphere towards Jewish people that to begin with led their migration out of USSR. Yet it is a more complicated picture.When Gorbachev came to ply as the secretary of general of the Party in 1985, Soviet immigration policy was, to significant extent, adjusted based on Soviet raw(a) economic conditions and diplomatic relationships with United States and Israel. The renewing was not merely a compromise under the pressure of Western powers but also an attack to re verse economic deterioration such as high unemployment. In the thesis, I shall discuss the outstanding reasons that behind immigration policy transition under Gorbachev administration as well as the consequences and implications.PART I the ReasonsThe immigration transition made by Gorbachev administration could be separate into two periods. The first period is from 1985 to 1986, when Gorbachev initiated radical reform known as perestroika, which literally means reconstruction. The stagnating Soviet economy and chilling relationship with the US led him to adopt the concept of glasnost and New Thinking, which can be translated as a series of promotions of openness and liberty in popular affairs and flexibility in foreign policies. The decree of Council of Ministers... ...s to migrate to Israel, since cost of accommodation in Israel was much lower than that in America.Despite all that negative consequences, Soviet Jews still brought bright outlook worldwide. From economic perspectiv e, Soviet Jews migrated from Soviet Union where workers were low productive to countries where worker were more productive. Thus, Jewish migration increased production efficiency and living standards on the global scale, as well as individual level of their own. One example would be Jewish immigrants in Israel and United States, where their contributions to economic and social developments exceeded negative impacts worry ethnic conflicts and welfare pressure. More importantly, on humanity base, the transition enabled Jews to tail prosperity and liberty, as well as to fulfill their desires in culture, religion, and political sympathies in the new promising lands.

Eugenics in America Essay -- Sociology Essays Research Papers

Eugenics in America Eugenics profoundly impacted the close of the twentieth century. Coined in 1893 by Sir Francis Galton, it studied the heredity and selection of hearty traits. Born out of the social tumults of the late nineteenth century, it represented the western sandwich elites attempt to protect itself from so called inferior cultures of the colonies and sunrise(prenominal) flap immigration. The late eighteenth century was a turbulent clock passim America. An influx of immigrants packed into massive cities much(prenominal) as newfound York and Chicago. As opposed to previously northern European immigration, a wave of new immigration in the 1890s brought immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, who vastly differed culturally and religiously from their northern European counterparts. Some immigrants brought radical ideologies with them such as Marxism, anarchism, and monarchism, which completely differed from the American ideals of free m arkets, elections, and democracy. The massive influx of batch crowded into sordid city blocks brought a slew of social problems such as alcoholism, poverty, murder, rape, and violence. Coupled with falling birth rates among the elite and revolt birth rates among immigrants, Anglo-culture sought out an answer to defend itself against the besieging of inferior cultures. The late nineteenth century saw the rise of eugenics throughout academia. Founded by Francis Galton (the word came into existence in 1893), eugenics was the study of the selection of booming traits in society. Deeply influenced by Darwin, Galton published his first eugenicist tract in 1865 Hereditary Genius, which posited that mans strength, talent, and skill is passed down genetically fr... ... spendthrift or inferior. Popularized in the early twentieth, it manifested itself throughout American culture from textbooks to advertisements for planetary house goods. Eugenics represented American cul tures vain attempt to wangle with non-western European cultures and cope with a quickly evolving social landscape. BibliographyDolan DNA reading Center, Cold Spring Laboratory, http//www.eugenicsarchive.org/eugenics/School of Mathematics and Statistics at St. Andrews Universityhttp//www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/ narrative/Mathematicians/Galton.htmlPucker, Johnathan, History in the Influences of Intelligence Theory and Testinghttp//www.indiana.edu/intell/galton.htmlLinden, Jeremyhttp//students.vassar.edu/jelinden/galton.htmMcCleymer, Professor at Assumption Collegehttp//www.assumption.edu/users/McClymer/his394/contagion.html

Energy Self-Sufficiency in Building through Photovoltaic Cells Essays

Energy Self-Sufficiency in Building through photovoltaic CellsABSTRACTsolar energy is a way to acquire autonomy of to a greater extent residential buildings. The differentforms of solar cells made from different materials and in different ways are able to increase theefficiency of the solar cells and allow solar energy to become more widespread. Due to the accident of a shortage of fossil fuels in the near future, solar causality go off serve as an integralcomponent in resolving the energy crisis through developing energy self-sufficient buildings.However, after researching many already published materials, the possibility of allowing theworlds buildings to become self-sufficient is not realizable unless other solar cells becomeaffordable for the general public and more efficient.INTRODUCTIONThe world is entering an energy crisis that will require the indigence for new energy sources.Some predict that at the current prize of consumption, the dominant energy source, fossil fuel s,will deplete by the social class 2050 (EcoSystems 2005). As of 2001, the world consumed 426.1 billiongigajoules the United States consumed 102.1 billion gigajoules that same year, the almost energyconsumption in a single country (see plank 1). Of the energy consumed in the United States,only 0.063% was solar power (Energy culture Administration 2001). However, solarenergy has great potential. The sun radiates through the undercoats atmosphere enough energy inone bit to power the earth for more than a year (Solarbuzz 2004).Moreover, solar collectors can harness this energy in a clean and environmentally skillfulmethod. Many collectors use photovoltaic cells, devices based on the photovoltaic effect, inwhich solar energy changes to electri... ...Research News. Retrieved 7/29/05 from http//www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/MSD-full-spectrum-solar-cell.htmlSandia Labs Working on Solar Power Farm (November 2004), Deseret News PublishingCompany, Retrieved 8/2/05 fromhttp//des eretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,595107883,00.htmlScheer, H., A Solar Manifesto, UK Cromwell Press, 1993Photovoltaic Cells 16Solar Cell. (2005). Wikipedia The justify Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7/28/05 fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cellSolar Energy Costs/Prices (2005). Solarbuzz. Retrieved 7/29/05 fromhttp//www.solarbuzz.com/StatsCosts.htmWorld Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1990- 2025 (2005). Infoplease.Retrieved 7/28/05 from http//www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0776146.htmlWalker, E. (2004). Solar Cell Principles and Applications. Retrieved 7/29/05 fromhttp//reslab.com.au/resfiles/pv/text.html

AP1 :: essays papers

AP1 The short story A & P, a nineteen year old boy who working in a small grocery store on the East-Coast, called an A & P. He works in the store as a check out work until a warm summer day when leash girls wearing all wearing their bathing suits came into the store to buy herring snacks and sour scan for one girls mother. All was going well until--the owner of the store enters and puts level the girls for coming in the store in inappropriate attire. In a pointless heroic move to try and win over the girls Sammy give up his job to protest the treatment of the girls. This selfless act was in vain, for when he left the store hoping the girls would be there waiting for him, they were gone. Updike has painted a perfect picture of what is in the inner mind of a three-year-old man--SEX. He does this by the detailed description of each of the three girls and a heroic act to save the day. Updikes use of description of the smallest details of the three girls let the reader know where Sams mind is right in the gutter. In the first paragraph Sams thoughts of the first girl he sees, or as he calls her, Plaid are nothing but analyzing every carouse on her body. As Plaid walks into the store Sammy begins to substantiate a intellectual description, of oddly enough--her butt, with a good tan and a sweet get on with soft-looking can with those two crescents of white just under it, where the sun neer seems to hit, at the top of the backs of her legs (480). Updike takes on this rule as a finish up driven nineteen-year-old character very well. Sammy seems to like another quality, They didnt even have shoes on (480). This struck me as odd-at least by todays standards. visual perception girls without shoes is an everyday event. The girl that Sammy is most in awe of is Queenie the attractor of the three girls. Being the leader of the three girls and the most flamboyant may be what attracted Sammy to her what got me, the straps were downoff her shoulde rs looped loose around the cool surpass of her arms (481). Sams only desire was simply sex and this blinded his judgment.

Role of Women in Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness

Women do not play an crucial part in mall of Darkness. This is not too surprising as the text was first of all published for a magazine in 1898. end-to-end Marlows voyage he encounters few women and he does not consider all of them to be his equal. His reservoir to women places them in their own little initiation where they should remain. in that location ar a number of reasons as to why Marlow may sacrifice this understanding of the effeminate being. These reasons include, but are not limited to, the deprivation of females in his living, the feature that he is primarily surrounded by men, and the pillowcase of women he comes in contact with in his line of work. First and foremost, we impart note that Marlow is a sea soldiery. He is a human who has dedicated his life to the courses of the water. As the narrator mentions when speaking of Marlow, he was the only man of us who button up followed the sea (Conrad, 9). He has been picking up and traveling the world by way of a boat for most of his adult life. The simple fact that he is able to do this without regret is a molecule into Marlows personal life. He cannot be a family man, because it would be too ruffianly for him to be forth from family members for such(prenominal) great lengths of time. He may cast off a perplex or a sister somewhere, but it is unambiguous that, for Marlow, there is no strong bond with any female family member. withal his aunt who so willingly helps him find work is not communicate of lovely. If Marlow were to have a wife, one would assume that, it would be hard, if not impossible, for him to exert a crimp marital relationship to her while leading such a wandering lifestyle. This is presumably why he is not emotionally attached to a wife or serious girlfriend. It is also caoutchouc to say that Marlow does not have any platonic girl associates, because of the disceptation made well-nigh them in their own world. He makes it quite gather that women and men are on two totally different levels. In the time that the account was written, it would have been crazy to think of a fair sex and a man having a mutual friendship that had no loving or familiar components.Role of Women in Conrads Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad, Heart of DarknessWomen do not play an important part in Heart of Darkness. This is not too surprising as the text was first published for a magazine in 1898. Throughout Marlows voyage he encounters few women and he does not consider any of them to be his equal. His reference to women places them in their own little world where they should remain. There are a number of reasons as to why Marlow may have this understanding of the female being. These reasons include, but are not limited to, the lack of females in his life, the fact that he is primarily surrounded by men, and the type of women he comes in contact with in his line of work. First and foremost, we will note that Marlow is a seaman. He is a man who has d edicated his life to the ways of the water. As the narrator mentions when speaking of Marlow, he was the only man of us who still followed the sea (Conrad, 9). He has been picking up and traveling the world by way of a boat for most of his adult life. The simple fact that he is able to do this without regret is a hint into Marlows personal life. He cannot be a family man, because it would be too hard for him to be away from family members for such great lengths of time. He may have a mother or a sister somewhere, but it is obvious that, for Marlow, there is no strong bond with any female family member. Even his aunt who so willingly helps him find work is not spoken of lovingly. If Marlow were to have a wife, one would assume that, it would be hard, if not impossible, for him to maintain a faithful marital relationship to her while leading such a Nomadic lifestyle. This is presumably why he is not emotionally attached to a wife or serious girlfriend. It is also safe to say that Ma rlow does not have any platonic girl associates, because of the statement made about them in their own world. He makes it quite clear that women and men are on two totally different levels. In the time that the story was written, it would have been crazy to think of a woman and a man having a mutual friendship that had no loving or sexual components.

Black Mustard (Brassica nigra) :: Botany

Black Mustard (genus Brassica nigra)The indian table mustard arrange has oft been mentioned in the Bible, and most of us are familiar with Jesus apologue of the mustard seed. However, there is great debate as to what the mustard plant of Jesus parable really was. Most modern commentators agree that it was the ordinary black mustard, Brassica nigra, but there are still a few who disagree. These others suggested that the mustard in the Bible could have been Salvadora persica, a shrub set up in thickets around the Dead Sea, but authorities say that this plant did not grow where Jesus spoke his parables. Also Phytolacca decandra, the pokeberry, was theorized to be the mustard tree. That too was discounted because it is now regarded as an American plant. wholeness major argumentation against Brassica for the mustard of the Bible is based on the Biblical statements concerning its becoming a tree, and the fowls of the air lodged in the branches of it. Supporters of this argument cla im that the mustard plant never becomes a great tree, and it would not be sturdy enough for birds to nest. In rebuttal, it has been pointed out that we must support that much of the language in the Bible is figurative, and that indeed small sparrow-like birds perched temporarily on the branches of the mature mustard plant to feed on its seeds. until now today birds are very fond of mustard seed. Guatama Buddha also told a parable about the mustard seed, and in India, mustard is the symbol of fruitful generation. Mustard is a very interesting plant with a herd of history and many uses. It has both medicinal and culinary value utile to man in the past and sit. Its many relatives are ever present in our daily lives as well. Black mustard is scientifically cognize as Brassica nigra. It is of the family Cruciferae. The plant is native of Europe and Asia it has become naturalised in this country and has escaped from cultivation, so that it is often a hard weed. Therefore, it is o ften found on the roadside, in vacant lots, and especially in grain fields. There has been some success in the use of chemic herbicides in ridding grain fields of mustard. These include iron sulfate and sulphuric acid in the form of a spray. All grasses are large-minded to this spray, but the young mustards are killed by it.

The Physics of Roller Coasters Essay -- Physics Science Research

The physical science of roller CoastersThe roller coaster has its beginnings in Russia where during the 1600s. tidy sum crafted sleds go forth of woodwind and built heaps make of ice blocks. The hills had sand at the bottom to help slow gobble up the sleds so they would non cram when they reached the bottom of the hill.1 Over time, the roller coaster has come more complex. They now argon taller, fasterand ar aimed out of different materials like wood and steel. Although roller coasters are fun and exciting, the questions, what allows them to plow and turn, go up and rarify hills at a fairly effectual speed? Why do they not fall off of the bounce back when it goes through a spiral? The answer to these questions and others about roller coasters lies in the application of basic physical science principals. These principals include potence and kinetic capability, gravity, velocity, dynamic transaction, centripetal acceleration, friction, and inertia.The basic design of a roller coaster consists of a remove like coaster that stimulates out at the bottom of the tallest hill of the ride. The ensure is accordingly pulled up the hill and is pulled to the big top of the hill. As the domesticate is pulled from the bottom of the hill to the top of it, the trains potential nothing is converted onto kinetic vital force. Potential dexterity is defined as the energy of an end at a blossom h above few zero level as match to the work done by the force of gravity2 (139). energising energy is the energy of an object . . . because of its operation2 (132). As the remoteness between the ground and the train of cars increases, the potential energy of the train increases as well. This increase in potential energy increases the amount of kinetic energy that plenty be released in the system in that locationfore causes the system to be ... ... depleted causing the train to come to a compass point.So, as you can see, roller coasters are an minute e xample of the use of forces energy in a system and how they move with one another to cause motion and to stop motion of objects. If these forces were not present, then we would have a truly difficult time doing anything because there would be no way to start motion and if there was motion it would be very difficult to stop it. Works Cited1. Annenberg/CPB. roller Coaster muniment Amusement Park natural philosophy What are the forces behind the fun?. Learner.org http//www.learner.org/exhibits/parkphysics/coaster2.html. . April 29, 2003.2. Kirkpatrick, Larry D. and Gerald F. Wheeler. Physics A World View. ed. 4. Harcourt College Publishers. Fort Worth. 2001.3. Britannica Online. Roller Coaster Physics. http//search.eb.com/coasters/physics/. May 1, 2003. The Physics of Roller Coasters Essay -- Physics Science ResearchThe Physics of Roller CoastersThe roller coaster has its beginnings in Russia where during the 1600s. People crafted sleds out of wood and built hills made of ice blocks. The hills had sand at the bottom to help slow down the sleds so they would not crash when they reached the bottom of the hill.1 Over time, the roller coaster has become more complex. They now are taller, fasterand are designed out of different materials like wood and steel. Although roller coasters are fun and exciting, the questions, what allows them to twist and turn, go up and down hills at a fairly good speed? Why do they not fall off of the track when it goes through a loop? The answer to these questions and others about roller coasters lies in the application of basic physics principals. These principals include potential and kinetic energy, gravity, velocity, projectile motion, centripetal acceleration, friction, and inertia.The basic design of a roller coaster consists of a train like coaster that starts out at the bottom of the tallest hill of the ride. The train is then pulled up the hill and is pulled to the top of the hill. As the train is pulled from the bottom of the hill to the top of it, the trains potential energy is converted onto kinetic energy. Potential energy is defined as the energy of an object at a height h above some zero level as equal to the work done by the force of gravity2 (139). Kinetic energy is the energy of an object . . . because of its motion2 (132). As the distance between the ground and the train of cars increases, the potential energy of the train increases as well. This increase in potential energy increases the amount of kinetic energy that can be released in the system therefore causes the system to be ... ... depleted causing the train to come to a stop.So, as you can see, roller coasters are an excellent example of the use of forces energy in a system and how they interact with one another to cause motion and to stop motion of objects. If these forces were not present, then we would have a very difficult time doing anything because there would be no way to start motion and if there was motion it would be very difficult to stop it. Works Cited1. Annenberg/CPB. Roller Coaster History Amusement Park Physics What are the forces behind the fun?. Learner.org http//www.learner.org/exhibits/parkphysics/coaster2.html. . April 29, 2003.2. Kirkpatrick, Larry D. and Gerald F. Wheeler. Physics A World View. ed. 4. Harcourt College Publishers. Fort Worth. 2001.3. Britannica Online. Roller Coaster Physics. http//search.eb.com/coasters/physics/. May 1, 2003.

The Development of Ancient Medicine & Influences Essay -- essays resea

Many variant cultures have tried distinguishable methods as to find out closely the causes of disease and how to treat different kinds of diseases. conglomerate countries have come up with alternate cures and discussions for various diseases. These quaint societies compromise of China, Greece, Egypt and South America. They practiced a wide range of cures for their patients, and they destine in different fields. For example, meditation and acupuncture were practices in China. Dissection, operations and dose therapy were also performed. But how did theses societies who did not have as much engineering science as today found out about the different illnesses and their cures? The westbound medicines usually compromise the use of folk remedies and prayers. They now believed that sickness was not a result of punishments sent from gods, but slightlything natural. Dissection was performed and thus, they knew more about the internal organs of animals although they were not allow ed to dissect humans yet. Plants were also employ as medicines. These were known as herbal medicines. In the eastern countries, there seem to be more on religious treatments, and healing the entire body not just the deformed part. They believed that the whole body is to be treated to maintain a healthy body and prevent disease.Various kinds of treatments were discovered throughout the ancient societies. These cures includes trepanning, surgery, herbal medicines, religious or pastoral remedies, and sacrifices. These were the forms of treatments undertaken by the patients. One interesting fact includes the operated remains, especially the trepanning of the skull. A subjugate of these patients survived the treatment, as some of the wounds have signs of healing. Therefore, they... ...se include the use of a concerns observance to decide whether a person needs treatment or not. Another type of cure that has survived to today, are surgery and herbal medicines. Operations are an im portant part in medicine to save up on healthy. When cures are needed, the body is sometimes operated to take out the ghoulish part. Herbal medicines especially Chinese medicine are still acquirable for use in the modern world. Although most of the world now relies on western medicine, some diseases may not be effective with western medicine, but works with Chinese medicine.Overall, medicine is always changing, but the profitable areas of medicine never stop. The development of medicine will continue to improve, hoping that the outstrip and effective medicines are delivered to patients. However, many medicines still follow the ancient ideas, and some treatments even go on.

Eastman Kodak analysis Essay -- essays research papers

At your request, I have compiled information on Eastman Kodak Co., so that you may come to an investment decision. The report will pass the companys background (including Kodaks areas of production), a past prohibition Kodak has had to face and overcome, and a financial snapshot of Kodak over the past quintuple years.BACKGROUNDOriginally founded in 1880 by George Eastman, the Eastman Kodak company now stands as a leader in the infoimaging industry. Infoimaging is a $385 billion industry that consists of victimisation traditional and digital film to allow people to capture and pitch images through cameras, computers, and the media. Currently under the direction of Chairman and CEO Daniel A. Carp, Eastman Kodak is shared into three major areas of production. 1. Kodaks Digital and Film Imaging Systems branch produces digital and traditional film cameras for consumers, professional photographers, and the entertainment industry. This segment accounts for 69% of revenues earned by Kodak in 2003. 2. Health Imaging caters to the health dispense market by creating health imaging products such as medical exam films, chemicals, and processing equipment. Health Imaging also places emphasis on radiology for dental, mammography, and oncology markets. Health Imaging accounts for 18% of revenues earned by Kodak in 2003. 3. The commercialised Imaging group produces aerial, industrial, graphic, and micrographic films, inkjet printers, scanners, and digital printing equipment to target commercial and ...

The Character Development Program of Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools :: Education CMS Essays

The Character Development Program of Charlotte-Mecklenburg SchoolsCharlotte-Mecklenburg Schools (CMS), with the advocate of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, recently received a four-year, 1.83 million clam grant from the United States Department of Education to implement a acknowledgment ontogenesis programme for students. This program is designed to integrate vitrine development into classroom instruction and to ensure pargonntal and community involvement in fibre development initiatives. The program has existed for one year. The purpose of this paper is to overview the goals and activities of the program. The program goals are to (1) enhance character development among CMS students (2) identify the extent to which students in the treatment group exhibit fewer instances of negative behavior as a result of exposure to character development activities (3) enhance the savvy and involvement of parents and families in school-based character education efforts and ( 4) annex the involvement of the faith and social communities in school-based character education efforts in CMS. The goals of the program are being measured through multiple data collection techniques V surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, and review of existing data. Evaluation of the program is both pliant and summative. Using a quasi-experimental design with carefully matched comparison conditions, twenty-five elementary, middle, and mettlesome schools with more than 24,000 students (i.e., the treatment group) are being exposed to an array of character development initiatives. These schools have been matched with demographically similar schools (i.e., the control group) that are not receiving these initiatives. baseline data for goals and objectives were obtained during the 2002-2003 school year for the purpose of comparison with data obtained during concomitant years of the program. We expect that this program ordain decrease office referrals and suspens ions, augment attending, and increase the number of students participating in service learning at a statistically significant level. In addition, we expect that Parent-Teacher Association attendance and parental awareness of good character will increase. Also, we anticipate an increase in involvement in schools of the faith and business communities, a fusing of character and religious teachings within the faith community, and an increase in the in-kind and financial body forth of the schools from the business and social community. During the next three years, CMS central office will support the treatment schools efforts to enhance character development by. developing a guide for parents that describes how families can teach and model

Osama Bin Laden and Al Qaeda :: History of Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden who is better cognize as Al Qaedas Emir-General was born on July 30, 1957 in Saudi Arabia to Muhammad store Judah bin Laden and Hu middle. He was the seventeenth child out of fifty-two. Osama went to household Abdulaziz University where he began studies in economics and management but left college in his third year. While at the university he learned Islamic studies and became in truth intrigued with this religion. Osamas father always urged his children to refrain from politics and religion debate, but Osama seemed enkindle in government and international politics. In 1973 Osama focused his eon and faculty on resources and advancement of Islam and Islamism. He also gained higher knowledge in mujahid fighting with wealth and sake for Allah. Osama is well established among the Afghan people. He is one of the scholars of the Jihad as well as being the master(prenominal) commander of the mujahideen worldwide. Dr. Abjullah Azzam leading Islamist influenced Osama for the next 10 years. Together in 1984 the two set up the Afghan service Bureau. Osamas first cam, al-Ansar, in Jaji in Afghanistans Pakita province was built. In 1982 Essam al-Ride, a flight instructor, joined al Qaeda where he served as procurement officer and Osamas personal pilot. During this time Osamas father died and he inherited a huge sum of money, which he invested. He began to build several training camps and quest houses for the Arab mujidians. In the mid 1980s Osama began to import machinery, building roads, cave complexes, and supervising the blasting of massive tunnels. Osama and so began to win over the Afghan people by becoming scummy and starting to live a simplistic life. He seemed to have the ability to befriend and communicate with fighters and live with the Afghan peasants. During his stay on the Afghan-Pakistan mould his religious convictions began to deepen. In 1987 what was known as the Lions Den Operation occurred, exposing Osama to So viet poison gas. He suffered minor injuries from this attack. This in turn upset him and his dislike of the soviets grew.Osamas wealth and influence made him a natural leader of the Arab mujahedeen people. Osama spent much of his time after this on the front cable television service while Azzam was the one who conceptualized Al Qaeda.

Sidney Fines Sit-down :: essays research papers

Sidney Fines Sit-down Sit-down is a historical non-fiction book. It depicts the events of the1936-1937 bastinado at General Motors plants in Flint and approximately the country.The author of this book is Sidney Fine. In this report you will learn what Ilearned close the struggle between Corporations and the beginning ofunionization.Sit-down is ab forbidden the General Motors Sit-down strike of 1936-1937.This strike was mainly ab come forth the castigate for workers to represent themselvesthrough incarnate bargaining. The union supporters went through a long, vicious and bloody fight. hey finally won the fight on February, 11 1937.On this day General Motors recognized the unite Auto Workers as thecollective-bargaining procedure for their employees.The 4 main characters involved with the strike argon GM prexyAlfred Sloan Jr., executive Vice President Willam Knudsen, U.A.W.President Homer Martin and the Governor of Michigan, blackguard Murphy. Sloan and Knudsen represented the GM stock holders and the interest ofmanagement. They did not want collective bargaining because it would takepower away from management. Martin represented the working batch onGM assembly lines and all auto workers in the United States of America.Governor Murphys role was to mediate, but he was on General Motors side.He insisted that the sit-downers get basic human rights such as food, heat,and water. Murphy also controlled the police and National Guard. They panoramaand killed several strikers. After it was all over Martin and the United Autoworkers emerged victorious. The strike started in Flint on December 30,1936. The GM factorieswere described as a mess, because of the lack of sanitation. There was alsospare parts and opposite miscellaneous weapons used against the cops in theBattle of the Running Bulls laying approximately in Flint factories everywhere. Infact the conditions in the factories were all out nasty. I would not want to livethere for a calendar month and a half. On February 11 1937 GM and the U.A.W.struck a ken at the state capital building in Lansing .This stories Characteristics are kind of strange because it doesnot go in chronological order. It starts out with The Battle of the RunningBulls. Which is actually at the end of the strike. Then it goes on to describedifferent aspects of the strike. Such as the corporation, the workers,Strategys and simulated military operation of GM and the U.A.W. Next the book talks about thesettlement and the aftermath. In general the beginning and the end of the book

Kerry Group Case Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

The Kerry Group began all oer thirty years ago in the sec west region of Ireland. Beginning as a dairy and ingredients limit the company has now flourished into a global leader in the provender ingredients and flavor products ara. Kerry Group is headquartered in Tralee, Ireland and through its manufacturing, sales, and technical centers around the world, employs over 20,000 people. The company supplies over 10,000 fare, food ingredients and other flavor products to customers in over 140 countries. Kerry Group also has manufacturing and sales facilities in over 20 countries. When Ireland joined the EEC or European Economic Community in 1973 many small dairies began to merge in order to compete with the big dairy producing companies. Kerry also participated in the mergers with help from the milk suppliers of the County. Kerry acquired the State possess milk bear on company along with its creameries. The Group also held a 42.5% stake in the NKMP Company for a total of 1.5 mil lion Euros. At the same time, six of the eight independent Co-ops, which owned the other 42.5% stake, were acquired and became a new subsidiary of the Kerry Co-operative Creameries Ltd, which began trading in 1974. Kerry began as the smallest of six boorish co-ops, a position that was soon to change.As Kerry began growing they developed round key values in the SWOT ( intensivenesss, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis that are the good sense for the success of the Kerry Group. The major strength of the Kerry Group is procurement. Procurement allows Kerry to use operable global resources in strong suit ingredients, seasonings, coating systems, sweet ingredients, nutritional systems, and specialty proteins by doing this they are able to acquire the highest-quality raw materials. Another strength of Kerry is technological maturement. Through technological development Kerry is able to develop flavors and watch an advantage over the competition. Kerry gains this techn ological advantage through research and development and acquisitions. The weaknesses of Kerry Group include the firm infrastructure. The Groups debt-to-equity ratio is inordinately high for a company of Kerrys size. Another weakness is in Kerrys Human Resource Management division. Management encourages the employees to think Kerry or in sense be Kerryized, if employees do not follow this trend of thinking they are ... ...leader in its selected markets through creativity and superior customer service. The Group is continuing to focus many efforts to expand its presence in global food and ingredients markets and its consumer foods business organizationes in Europe and abroad. The Kerry Group has recently order into action plans to purchase a specialty foods company in china that is expected to reach an additional 1.3 billion new customers. This venture pull up stakes be a huge step for Kerry Group because it will be completely localized (a multi-domestic strategy), in that all business operations are expected to be turned over to the new facilities in china by the end of 2006.Today, Kerry has emerged into a leader in the food processing and ingredients business, reaching its goal set in the early 1980s. The group has tailfin basic areas of business which include Kerry Ingredients, Kerry Bio-Science, Kerry Foods, Kerry Agribusiness, and Mastertaste. If Kerry group continues to build from their corporate and business level strategies and continues to evaluate their SWOT analysis they will stay forward of the competition and continue to remain a leader in the food ingredients and processing sector.