Media Law in South Africa

The Press license steering (PFC) was launched in July 2011 by the iron industry representative body, Print Media to the south Africa and the South African theme Editors Forum in order to set up a fit regulative media frame for South Africa (Press liberty Commission, 2012 1). The Press Freedom Commission that was held earlier this year assessed either measures concerning co- principle, self-regulation, case-by-case regulation and state regulation so as to ensure that the media is accountable to the domain that they serve and in addition to ensure the protection of shake up exemption (Press Freedom Commission, 2012 1).This year, the PFC recommended that an independent co-regulatory trunk , which does not include State participation, would best suit the country. This would cogitate that the raise up are accountable to serve in enkindle of the nation (Press Freedom Commission, 2012 1). With reference to Julie Reids and Julie Posettis article in the Rhodes journalism Re thought, I aim to evaluate various contexts and henceforth provide groundss for wherefore I am in accordance with the co-regulation of the media. low the South African Constitution, in the Bill of Rights (1996) it is stated that every person has a right to license of ex hugion, which includes freedom of press and the media, the freedom to receive or impart education or ideas, freedom of artistic creativity, academic freedom and freedom of scientific research (Act no. 108 of 1996). Henceforth press freedom means the autonomy to communicate ideas, opinions and information without restraint.The media are a normal trust with the king to inform and influence and beca routine of this power they should serve to represent the interests of the citizens without external institutional constraints. When analyzing freedom of the press with the current regulatory system, in that location are ii powerful institutions in society which cannot be ignored, that is political and economic pow er. Under apartheid the freedom of the press was heavily restricted.The Newspapers Registration and Imprint Act of 1985, requisite that all newspapers had to be registered and conform to a strict code of conduct. In addition newspapers were likewise required to lodge R40 000 as a set up before they could publish, as a result the act silenced m whatsoever a(prenominal) liberal newspapers (Manoim, 1996 7). With the transition into a new democracy, self-regulation of the media was employed to keep on freedom of expression, a pivotal comp mavinnt of a true democracy.Self-regulation is a system that operates on self im rated rules by the media, it consists only of representatives of the media profession who use the Journalistic Codes and Ethics as a guideline (Reid, 2012 1). The relationship among the government/ state and the media is one of conflict and dependency because on the one hand, the media are commonly referred to as the un prescribed opposition to the government.As watc hdogs they make macrocosm a range of issues concerning health care, education, corruption, unemployment etceteraand because of these disclosures the government repeatedly attempt to blackball their biggest critic. As such(prenominal), the government proposed a Media Tribunal, which could lead to the forced registration of all newspapers, the registration of all journalists and punitive fines(Reid, 2012 1). The tribunal exemplifies the governments repugnance towards the media and it takely epitomizes the Newspapers Registration and Imprint Act of 1985 .Another utilization constitutes as the auspices of Information Bill which volition allow the government to classify particular information which is deemed harmful to the national interest. The government remove suggested media-unfriendly laws which pose a threat to encounter the heart of the struggle for democracy (Reid, 2012 1). On the other hand, however, the media are dependent on the government for information and positi ve materials and similarly the government depends on the media to produce important information to their citizens.It is unambiguous that the media plays a large role in making macrocosm the successes and the failures of the government, however, I argue that a budge in the regulatory system could emend the relationship between the two so that the media do not have their own agendas for the information they produce, but they produce that which of interest of the public that they serve. Although self-regulation of the press was once highly valued, examples like the Murdoch scandal have shown that the system is fragile and does not assure the accountability of the press.Journalists from the News of the World were accused of prognosticate hacking, police bribery and using unethical means to obtain public interest stories (Posetti, 2012 19). The self-regulatory system allows for journalists to operate freely without state interference and although there havent been any situations li ke the aforementioned unethical minutes in South Africa, the regulatory system does not fulfill the participatory vitality of the inclusion of wider population (Reid, 2012 18). For some(prenominal) years under the raptorial system of apartheid, the black population was silenced, their grievances and njustices undocumented. In this new democracy, the media are as yet seen to cater for the interests of the elite, this can be conceptualized in Noam Chomsky and Edward. S. Hermans propaganda model. tending(p) the media does deliver information to serve the interests of its citizens, news coverage is frequently betrothed to what suits the corporate. The media are a profit-seeking institution, funded by advertisers and are (sometimes) owned by tete-a-tete investors, this can henceforth lead to the media placing profit above public interest (Manoim, 1996 4).An example of this can be seen in various newspapers during the apartheid era, particularly the melody Day. The Business Day e mbraced a conservative liberal take on the apartheid system. The reporting that the Business Day encompassed relied on keeping an apolitical spot and avoided negative consequences of full disclosure. The newspaper did not report on any issues negative aspects of the apartheid system or its effects on the population and the reason for this was to gain more revenue than to possibly create controversy (Manoim, 1996 4).Another example of this was the recent Marikana shootings, wherein the first pieces of information distributed by the media through print and broadcast, told a story of a violent, armed and angry mob, charging towards apprehensive policemen who then stillborn reckoning the mobsters from afar, in fear of their lives (Johnson, 2012 1). At least 36 miners were shot dead and because of the inadequate coverage by the media, many people were under the smell that the police action was proportional to the threat posed by the miners.It wasnt until Greg Marinovich went on to pu blish shocking findings about the deaths of the Marikana minors, in his article The mop up fields of Marikana The cold murder fields of Marikana (Marinovich, 2012 1). The article made public that some of the miners had been shot by close range (execution style) and others crushed by police vehicles, thus providing proof that the police did not act in fear, but instead hand the upper hand and viciously killed the miners.In many of the articles published, before Marinovichs, statements were mainly one sided, comprised of policemen, the mining management and government official (Manoim, 1996 7). It can be understood that many journalists and news firms did not accurately report on the Marikana shootings because they did not want to cause controversy and did not want to lose revenue. With regards to the aforementioned relationships between the media and political/ economic institutions inwardly the self-regulatory system, I argue that the system is clearly weak.There is indeed more fr eedom of speech with this system, however, the press arent held accountable to the citizens that they serve, the press can be seen to accommodate only the elites and silence the people. For these reasons and the above examples, in my opinion it is clear that the self-regulatory system in inadequate for a new democracy such as ours. The proposed system of independent co-regulation without state or government interjection forget best serve the freedom of the press in our country.The system go forth consist of members of the public (e. g academics, civil society organizations etc. ) and members of the press industry therefore sufficiently creating desegregation between the press and the society that it serves (Reid, 2012 18). The independent system as well as journalists provide henceforth be accountable to the public. The co-regulatory system will allow regulatory rules to be created by more than one stakeholder and it will have freedom from industries (Press Freedom Commission, 2012 1).The system should sufficiently allow members of the public and the press to manoeuvre with reports made by the independent body. This nature of transparency will underframe a close relationship between the public and the media and henceforth it will encourage the media to be accountable to the citizens that it serves (Reid, 2012 18). I believe that the increased integration between the public and the press will give the once unhearable voices of the public a platform for their opinions furthermore it will directly uphold the country on the road to true democracy.The PFC suggests that the system will introduce a more efficient framework for dealing with keen matters especially when dealing with children. There will also be a be a method of space fines which will consist of monetary fines, summons or rulings for any offences made by the press (Press Freedom Commission, 2012 1). The co-regulatory system proposed by the Press Freedom Commission is not an attack at the fre edom of the press, rather, it is very necessary to strengthen the system of the press in South Africa.Co-regulation will not only serve the public because of the systems transparency and allowance for integration but it could also improve the quality and credibility of journalism in the country. The marginalized and excluded persons of this country penury an environment where they are able to make public their discrepancies and regarding the extensive response to the current self-regulation it is evident there needs to be a change in the system.In my opinion co-regulation will ensure the greatest independence from contrasting influential institutions, it will reinforce the accountability the press should have for the citizens, it will allow for press freedom and furthermore it will assist to uphold the principles of a democracy. References Manoim, I. 1996. You Have Been Warned The First Ten Years of The Mail & Guardian. Penguin Books South Africa. Posetti, J. 2012. Media Regulati on, Murdoch and the journalism Wars of Oz. Rhodes Journalism Review. Press Freedom Commission, 2012.What the Press Commission recommends. Retrieved from http//www. politicsweb. co. za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71656? oid=294997&sn=Detail on 11/01/1012 Reid, J. 2012. Press Freedom in South Africa and why self-regulation is best. Daily Maverick. Retrieved from http//dailymaverick. co. za/opinionista/2012-01-26-press-freedom-in-south-africa-and-why-self-regulation-is-best on 11/01/2012. Reid, J. 2012. What will co-regulation mean? The Press Freedom Commission report and its implications for the regulation of journalism. Rhodes Journalism Review.